LIPOLYSIS

glycerol

Hormone-Sensitive Lipase (HSL) → The key enzyme responsible for breaking down triglycerides into ___ and free fatty acids inside adipocytes.

HSL

Protein Kinase A (PKA) → Activates ___.

AMP

Adenylyl Cyclase → Converts ATP to cyclic ___ (cAMP), which activates PKA.

Phosphodiesterase

____ → Breaks down cAMP to stop the lipolysis signal.

Guanine

____ Nucleotide Binding Proteins (G-proteins) → Mediate hormone signaling to regulate lipolysis.

Hormone

Lipolysis is ___-Regulated → Hormones influence whether fat is stored or broken down.

Epinephrine

____ (Adrenaline) → Increases cAMP, activating HSL.

Norepinephrine

____ → Works similarly to epinephrine.

Glucagon

____ (in some species) → Signals fat breakdown when energy is needed.

Cortisol

____ → Increases lipolysis during stress or fasting.

insulin

____ → Suppresses HSL, promoting fat storage instead of breakdown.

adipocytes

Triglycerides inside ____ are hydrolyzed by HSL.

diffuse

The resulting free fatty acids (FFAs) and glycerol ___ out of the cell.

albumin

FFAs bind to ___ in the blood and are transported to tissues for energy production.

liver

Glycerol is transported to the ___ for glucose production (gluconeogenesis).

fasting

During ___ or exercise, lipolysis increases to release stored fat for energy.

ruminants

In _____, lipolysis plays a key role during negative energy balance, such as in early lactation.

targeted

after the fatty acids are liberated within the adipocyte, they may be ____ to various processes or may leave the cell.