Imperatives and Time Expressions

Formal, Informal, Time Expressions

Informal noi ending (all verbs)

iamo

Informal -are endings: Tu

i

Informal -are ending: Voi

ate

Informal -ere ending: Tu

i

Informal -ere ending: Voi

ete

Informal -ire (regular) ending: Tu

i

Informal -ire (isc) ending: Tu

isci

Informal -ire ending: Voi

ite

Informal avere: tu/noi/voi

Abbi/abbiamo/abbiate

Informal essere: tu/noi/voi

Sii/siamo/siate

Informal dire

Di’

Informal andare

Vai/va’

Informal dare

Dai/da’

Informal fare

Fai/fa’

Informal stare

Stai/sta’

Informal order: pronouns, imperative

Pronouns attached to the end

Dire + me + lo (informal)

dimmelo

Informal negative order: voi, noi

Non verb[pronoun]

Negative informal imperative order: tu

Non infinitive[pronoun]

Formal Lei endings: -are, -ere, -ire

i, a, a

Formal loro endings: -are, -ere, -ire

ino, ano, ano

Formal: change in verbs that are irregular in present io form

o to a

Formal form: Avere

Abbia

Formal form: Dare

Dia

Formal form: Essere

Sia

Formal form: Sapere

Sappia

Formal form: Stare

Stia

Formal: irregular loro

Lei form + no

Formal: negative formula

Non imperative

Formal pronoun placement

Before imperative, except for loro

Soften commands, give encouragement

Prego, pure

Be patient, wait

Abbia pazienza, aspetti

Make yourself comfortable

Si accomodi

Give me

Mi dia

Tell me/May I help you

Mi dica

Sign here

Firmi qui

Look

Guarda

Here (you go)

Prenda

Don’t worry

Non si preoccupi

Listen

Senta

Excuse me

Mi scusi

Pass me

Mi passi

Present tense, ongoing action

Da

Duration of an action or event

Per

How long something lasts, usually used with essere

Durare

During

Durante

To talk about one thing before another

Prima di [infinitive]

To express doing something before another

Dopo + [avere/essere + past participle]

To spend/to waste/to save time

Passare/perdere/risparmiare tempo

Time required for something, takes essere

Volerci

Time someone takes, takes avere

Metterci