Biochemistry (Lipids, Carbohydrates, Protein)

What is the main function of a Lipid?

Long term energy storage

What are the 3 other functions of a Lipid?

1. Make up Cell Membrane

2. Hormone Regulation

3. Waxy coating on plants

What is the monomer of a Lipid?

Triglycerides

What are the 2 different types of Triglycerides?

1. Saturated

2. Unsaturated

What are the characteristics of a saturated fat?

1. Single Bonds

2. Straight Tail

3. Solid at room temperature

4. Comes from animals

Ex. Butter

What are the characteristics of unsaturated fats?

1. Double Bonds

2. Bent tail

3. Liquid at room temperature

4. Come from plants

Ex. Olive Oil

What elements are found in Lipids

1. Carbon

2. Oxygen

3. Hydrogen

What are all the functions of a Protein?

1. Enzymes

2. Structural Support (Hair, Skin, Nails)

3. Help you move (Tendons, Muscles)

4. Antibodies

5. Regulate Hormones (Insulin)

6. Cell Transport

What is the monomer of a Protein?

Amino Acids

How does the shape of a protein affect its ability to do its job in a living organism?

Determines the proteins function in the body

What elements are proteins made of?

1. Nitrogen

2. Hydrogen

3. Oxygen

4. Carbon

What are the functions of Carbohydrates?

1. Quick Energy

2. Exoskeletons

3. Cell Structure

4. Energy Storage (Starch and Glycogen only)

What is the monomer of a Carbohydrate?

Monosaccharide

What sugars are monosaccharides?

1. Glucose (Found in blood sugar)

2. Fructose (Fruit Sugar)

What sugars are disaccharides?

1. Lactose (Milk Sugar)

2. Sucrose (Table Sugar)

What sugars are polysaccharides?

1. Cellulose (Make up plant cell walls)

2. Glycogen (Found in animals)

3. Chitin (Found in exoskeletons)

4. Starch (Found in plants)

Which polysaccharide makes up the cell walls of plants?

Cellulose

Which polysaccharide do animal cells use as stored energy?

Glycogen

Which polysaccharide found in exoskeletons?

Chitin

Which polysaccharide do plants use to store extra sugar made by photosynthesis?

Starch

What elements make up carbohydrates?

1. Oxygen

2. Hydrogen

3. Carbon