THE ULTIMATE APUSH FLASHCARD SET

Everything that you need to know for the APUSH exam from 1789-1914

Washington Inaugurated 1789

First president inaugurated in U.S.

Judiciary act 1789

Established the judicial branch of the U.S. government

Bill of rights 1789

First 10 amendments, includes freedom of religion, speech, press, and assembly, ensures right to bear arms, prohibits quartering of troops, protects against unreasonable searches and seizures, provisions related to grand juries, double jeopardy (second trial for same crime), right to jury, and more.

Samuel Slater

Early industrialist who brought textile technologies from Britain to U.S.

Tariff act 1789

Passed to protect American industries and pay off war debts after revolutionary war

First great awakening 1790

Religious awakening that occurred throughout the U.S. by changing the perception of religion

Patent and copyright laws 1790

Allowed U.S. citizens to copyright/patent

Bank of the United States 1791

Chartered for 20 years, served as repository for federal funds and the government’s fiscal agent. Opposed by Jeffersonians who thought it represented mercantile dominance over agrarian interests.

Excise tax on whiskey

Tax on domestically produced distilled products, first domestic tax, lead to protest by western farmers.

Proclamation of neutrality 1793

Washington states that the U.S. was neutral in the conflict between France and Britain

Genet affair

French diplomat who strongly advocated for the U.S. to support revolutionary France

Cotton gin

Important invention that helped lead to more efficient creation of textiles.

Fugitive slave act

Required escaped slaves be returned to their owners in the south. North strongly opposed it, leading to tension.

Whiskey rebellion 1794

Farmers, angered with the whiskey tax, decided to rebel against the government. Jefferson supports them as an agrarian ally, federalists are angered.

Jay’s treaty

Resolved issues between the U.S. and Britain, averting war and resolving issues.

Pinckney’s treaty 1795

Defined the border between the U.S. and Spanish Florida

Treaty of greenville

Treaty that aimed to end the tensions around the great lakes with Native Americans after the Battle of Fallen Timbers.

Washington’s farewell address

Declared Washington’s retirement from public life and expressed his gratitude to the people of the U.S.

XYZ affair

U.S. diplomats attempted to meet with the French foreign minister to restore peace. When they arrived, they were shunned and 3 French agents informed the diplomats that in order to meet with Charles de Talleyrand they would have to pay a large bribe and provide a loan, which led to a quasi-war with France.

11th amendment

Limits the federal judiciary’s power over the states

Alien and sedition acts

Series of laws that made it harder to obtain citizenship, gave the president the power to deport non-citizens, gave the president the power to detain non-citizens during times of war, and criminalized false and malicious statements about the government

Eli Whitney

Inventor of the cotton gin

Thomas Jefferson elected as president in 1800

Jefferson and Burr tied in the electoral college, so congress made Jefferson president.

Judiciary act 1801

Also called the midnight judges act,, it greatly expanded thee court system

Barbary pirates 1801

Thomas Jefferson led a war against the pirates who were keeping Americans hostage. This was an example of foreign policy and was the first test of the American navy.

Robert Fulton 1801

American engineer who created the first commercially successful steamboat

Yazoo land scandal

Real-estate fraud in Georgia where land was sold at very low prices

Louisiana purchase 1803

Massive land purchase made by Jefferson from France, doubled the size of the U.S.

Marbury v. Madison

Landmark decision that established judicial review, about judge who didn’t get his position after Adams left office. Probably the most important U.S. court case ever.

Lewis and Clark 1804-1806

U.S. expedition to explore the newly acquired Louisiana Purchase

12th amendment 1804

Provides the current structure for electing the president and vice president

Impeachment of Chase 1804

House impeached Samuel Chase for refusing to dismiss biased jurors

Pike’s expeditions 1805

Another expedition sent out by Jefferson to explore the south and west of the Louisiana Purchase

Non-Importation act

Forbade British imports in an attempt to stop British impressment of American soldiers, but was ineffective.

Monroe-Pinckney Treaty

Attempt to renew the Jay Treaty, but was rejected by Jefferson

Embargo act 1807

Banned exports from the U.S. and limited French and British imports, meant to show importance of U.S. trade but really just hurt the U.S.

Chesapeake-Leopard affair

Naval engagement off of Virginia between American and British ships, increased tensions.

1808 events

James Madison elected, Importation of slaves ends, John Jacob Astor (first U.S. multimillionaire business magnate)

Enforcement act 1809

Gave customs officials sweeping power to use the army and navy to suppress smuggling, climax of Jefferson’s increasing powers

Non-intercourse act 1809

Replaced embargo act by forbidding French and British ships in American waters, allowed U.S. trade with other nations

Fletcher v. Peck 1810

First time that the supreme court ruled a state law unconstitutional, involved the Yazoo affairBa

Battle of Tippecanoe

Battle with Native Americans, decisive U.S. victory that gained the U.S. 3 million acres.

War Hawks 1812

Group of Republican congressmen who wanted to go to war with Great Britain.

War of 1812

Fought between U.S. and Great Britain, caused by U.S. anger about impressment and British support of Natives on the frontier, ended without a clear victory and was costly especially for the U.S., Washington D.C. burned 1814

Francis Scott key

American lawyer and poet, wrote the Star-Spangled Banner in 1814 during the British bombardment of Fort McHenry

Hartford convention

Series of meetings in Hartford that had leaders of the Federalist party discussing grievances about the war of 1812 and other problems.

Treaty of Ghent 1815

Treaty that negotiated peace between U.S. and Britain, restored relations between the 2, and was popular in the U.S. with unanimous approval

Erie Canal begins 1815

First navigable waterway connecting the Atlantic ocean and the Great Lakes

Second Bank of the U.S.

Second bank chartered from 1816-1836, headquartered in Philadelphia, and controlled the currency of the U.S.

James Monroe elected 1816

Monroe elected

Tariff act

First protective tariff passed by congress, helped U.S. industry become competitive

Rush-Bagot Agreement 1817

Treaty between the U.S. and Britain limiting their respective navies in the great lakes

American colonization society

Encouraged the emigration of free people of color from the U.S. to Africa

Bonus Bill Veto

Monroe vetoed a bill that would’ve provided money for new infrastructure, stating that infrastructure building wasn’t a power that congress has

Convention of 1818/the Anglo-American convention

Convention that improved relations between the U.S. and Great Britain and established the 49th parallel as the boundary between the U.S. and Canada

Adams-Onis treaty 1819

Treaty between the U.S. and Spain that ceded Florida to the U.S. after Jackson’s invasion

McCulloch v. Maryland

Case that defined the powers of congress and allowed it to create a national bank

Missouri compromise 1820

Compromise to balance the power of slave and free states. Missouri was admitted as a slave state while Maine was admitted as free, while also prohibiting slavery in Louisiana purchase lands north of 36 30

New Harmony 1825

Written by Robert Owen, established utopian socialism

Hudson Bay Company Established 1821

Canadian/French fur trading company

Cumberland Road Veto 1822

Congress passed legislation to rebuild the Cumberland road, but Monroe vetoed it citing the fact that congress didn’t have the authority.

Denmark Vessey

Slave carpenter and religious leader who alleged attempted a slave revolt in 1822. This lead to increased restrictions on slaves in the south.

Monroe Doctrine

Established U.S. dominance in western hemisphere, told Europeans to stay away from the Americans and U.S. will mind its own business.

Nicholas Biddle

Last president of the Bank of the United States, federalist

Clay’s American System

Policy that sought to drive U.S. economic development. Included infrastructure improvements such as roads and the creation of a National Bank

Corrupt bargain

Andrew Jackson got the most votes out of any candidate in the 1824 election, but the house elected John Quincy Adams over him due to Clay’s influence. Clay was then made secretary of state.

Steam-powered printing press 1826

Invented by Friedrich Koenig

American Society for the Promotion of Temperance

Early temperance movement in 1826, paved the way for prohibition.

Elimination of property requirements for voting 1827

Led to more representation in voting, as more people (white men) were able to vote despite their property owning status.

Andrew Jackson elected 1828

Known for expansion of white male suffrage, Trail of Tears, and opposition to the B.U.S.

Tariff of abominations 1828

Tariff that significantly raised the tax on imports. Southern states viewed it as disproportionately helping Northern states at the South’s expense.

Calhoun’s South Carolina exposition and protest

Written by Vice President Calhoun, it established the belief in nullification. It laid the groundwork for the nullification crisis.

Spoils system/patronage

Political practice where government officials rewarded their supporters with jobs, famously used by Andrew Jackson, highlighted corruption.

Maysville road veto 1830

Funding for the construction of the Maysville road in Kentucky was vetoed by Jackson, highlighting his belief in limited government and states’ rights.

Indian removal act 1830

Passed during Jackson’s presidency, forced Native Americans from their ancestral lands to Oklahoma, Trail of Tears.

Nat turner 1831

Enslaved African American who led a violent slave rebellion in Virginia, killing 50-60 white people. He was caught and executed, and the rebellion led to stricter slave codes.

William Lloyd Garrison 1831

Abolitionist who published the “Liberator”, leading abolitionist during the 1830’s

Peggy Eaton affair 1831

The wife of secretary of war John Eaton was accused of promiscuity, social isolated, resulted in the resignation of several of Jackson’s cabinet members.

Cherokee Nation v. Georgia 1831

The Cherokee Nation attempted to challenge Georgia’s sovereignty over their lands, court sided with Georgia

Nullification crisis 1832

South Carolina argued that they have the ability to nullify any federal laws that they found unconstitutional, strongly opposed by Jackson, resolved through the compromise tariff and force bill.

Black Hawk War 1832

Battle between U.S. and Native Americans in the Midwest, natives defeated, forced to reservations.

Veto of the B.U.S. 1832

Jackson vetoed a bill to recharter the B.U.S., argued it led to too much federal power, led to panic of 1837

Pet Banks

After Jackson’s B.U.S. veto, his administration ordered the movement of the federal funds to certain state banks that they favored, led to instability

Lowell mills strike 1834

Strike by textile workers in Massachusetts, one of the first industrial strikes, workers wanted higher wages and better conditions, they mostly failed but it brought attention to labor issues.

Second Seminole War 1835

Seminoles resisted relocation west of Mississippi, they successfully evaded capture but the war was costly.

Specie Circular 1836

Executive order by Jackson that ordered payment for public lands be paid in gold or silver. Aimed to curb inflation, led to

American Anti-Slavery society 1833

Founded by William Lloyd Garrison and Arthur Tappan, one of the earliest abolitionist organizations, advocated for emancipation through lectures, literature, and speeches

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Early transcendentalist philosopher and author

Economic panic of 1837

Caused by the Specie Circular and the veto of the B.U.S., led to widespread bank failures, credit problems, and plummeting property values.

Grimke sisters

Major women’s suffragists and abolitionists, spoke through lectures and writings, point of view was important because they were from a Southern slave owning family

Horace Mann

Abolitionist, public education advocate, and Whig politician.

Trail of tears 1838

Forced displacement of 60,000 native Americans mostly from the South. They were forced west of the Mississippi

William Henry Harrison is elected and died 1840

Died of Pneumonia only 1 month after his inauguration

Independent Treasury Act 1840

Established independent treasury deposit offices separate from private or state banks to receive government after the demise of the B.U.S.

Underground Railroad 1840

Network of safe houses and secret routes to help escaped slaves make their way north

Webster-Ashburton Treaty

Treaty that resolved border disputes between the U.S. and British Canada

Tariff Act 1842

Restored U.S. industrial protections, raised tariff to almost 40 percent, set up gilded age industrial growth

Dorothea Dix 1843

Mental health advocate, anti-asylum

Polk elected 1844

Expansionist, manifest destiny, democrat

Texas Annexation 1845

Annexed from Mexico, became state December 29th, 1845