Chapter 7: Production, Cost, and the Perfect Competition Model

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19 Terms

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Allocative efficiency
marginal cost = marginal value
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Marginal cost
cost of producing one more unit
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Marginal value
value of one more unit
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Technical efficiency
reached when economy’s factors of supply are used to maximize production
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Marginal product
additional output produced per period when one more unit of an input is added
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Law of diminishing marginal returns
as one amount of an input increases, marginal returns will eventually decrease
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Total product curve
shows relationship between total amount of output produced vs. number of units of an input used
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Fixed costs
__do not__ change when more output is produced
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Variable costs
__do__ change when more output is produced
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Short-run
time frame where at least one factor of production is constant
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Long-run
all factors of production are variable, no fixed costs
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Economies of scale
exist over range of output where long-run average cost curve slopes down
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Profit
value remaining after paying all costs and financial obligations of a company
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Gross profit
total sales - total cost of goods/services
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Operating profit
gross profit - operating expenses
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Net profit
amount left after deducting all other expenses
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Break-even points
points on graph where total revenue = total cost
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Profit maximization
loss minimization
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Economic profits
total revenue - total cost