AP lang terms test (p2)

leaves out a conjunction between a list for effect

asyndeton

it takes an important word in a statement from anywhere in the statement and repeats it again

conduplicatio

intentionally giving a lesser description

understatement

extreme exaggeration

hyperbole

contrasting any of the parts of a statement

antithesis

asking a question and then answering it

hypophora

asking a question and the answer is implied

rhetorical question

stating something and then objecting to the statement as if the speaker anticipates the audience´s concerns

procatalepsis

a reference to a well-known event, place, or person

allusion

referring to a specific famous person to compare his or her attributes to someone else.

eponym

providing the reader an example to prove your point.

exemplum

takes the last word of a sentence or phrase and repeats next to the beginning of the next sentence or phrase.

anadiplosis

short statement that gives an observation about life.

aphorism

a statement that makes no literal sense but has a meaning you understand.

idiom

a statement that seems self-contradictory but later reveals a truth.

paradox

a brief story meant to prove a point.

anecdote

giving things human characteristics

personification

a device a writer uses to express doubt about an idea; it can also be used to show the many sides of an argument

aporia

writers repeat something they just said while adding more detail

amplification

a series of clauses without correct punctuation

parataxis

using a part of something instead of referring to the whole

synecdoche

referring to something closely related to the actual object, person, or thing

metonymy

arrange words in a sentence in an unexpected order

hyperbaton

a 19th-century idealistic philosophical and social movement that taught that divinity pervades all nature and humanity.

transcendentalism

an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to 1840. The movement valued feeling over reason.

romanticism

a device in which unexpected items in a sentence are linked together by shared words.

zeugma

its primary goal is to teach the reader a lesson

didactic

type or kind

genre

recurring images, symbols, themes, or characters

motif

a word´s literal meaning

denotation

the association evoked by words beyond its literal meaning. It reflects broad cultural associations (ethos)

connotation

rhetorical appeal focusing on logic

logos

rhetorical appeal focusing on ethics

ethos

rhetorical appeal focusing on emotions

pathos

type of narrative that has two levels of meaning: surface and deeper.

allegory

result of something being stated in such a way that its meaning cannot be determined definitely

ambiguity

the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.

syntax

the science of language

A. the study of the rules for the formation of grammatical sentences in a language
B. the study of the patterns of formation of sentences and phrases from words.
C. the rules or patterns so studied: English syntax

linguistics

as in "of ideas" to scatter; to disperse or spread

dissemination

language used by a particular group

jargon

1. thoughts, statements, or dialogue of individuals especially characters in a literary work.
2. the language in which a subject of area of knowledge is discussed.

discourse

the emotional effect a drama has on its audience/ the purging of emotions or relieving emotional tensions especially through certain kinds of art like drama and music

cathartic

insight of revelation gained when one suddenly understands

epiphany

an inscription on a tomb to commemorate the deceased

epitaph

fancy term for a quotation of life saying

sententia

wise saying

maxim

a comparison of the similar characteristics of two unlike things

analogy

character who opposes protagonist

antagonist

addressing or speaking to some abstract quality or non-human entity

apostrophe

story or pattern repeated from generation to generation

archetype

repetition of vowel sounds

assonance

language that is informal or familiar to a group of people

colloquial

where a poet repeats the identical consonant sounds typically in the last syllable of words

consonance

a German phrase that asserts that for each person there exists an exact replica, a shadow image

doppelganger

a poem that reflects upon death

elegy

occurs when a poet continues the grammatical sentence into the next line

enjambment

repetition of the beginning at the end of a clause or sentence.

epanalepsis

a Greek term that means excessive pride

hubris

the placement of items close together often for purposes of contrasting or comparison

juxtaposition

attitude author has toward the audience

stance

grammatical structure is repeated but in inverse order/ a reversal of ideas expressed in parallel clauses or phrases.

chiasmus (inverted parallelism)

contrast between what you think will happen and what actually happens

situational irony

the audience knows something the characters do not.

dramatic irony

contrast between what is stated and what is meant

verbal irony

overly concerned in one's learning

pedantic

substitution of words that sound not as harsh

euphemism

something or someone not in correct time period

anachornism

informal speech or expression

colloquialism

insulting or abusive words or expressions

invective

distinguishable

discernible

unclear, doubtful

ambiguity

sentimental yearning for the happiness felt in a former time, place, or situation

nostalgic

comparing two things to clarify how they are alike... uses words like or as

simile

comparing two things without using like or as

metaphor

meant to deter or throw off readers or speakers/ occurs when the writer creates a distraction

red herring

latin word for beginning/introduction to an essay

exordium

brings the essay to a close

peroratio

assertion or proposition

claim

asserts if something is true or not true

claim of fact

argues if something is good or bad

claim of value

proposing a change

claim of policy

statement of the main idea of the argument that ALSO previews the major points the writer tends to make

closed thesis

the main idea of an argument but does not list all the points the writer intends to cover

open thesis

this statement usually contains an although or but before the writer's opinion

counterargument thesis statement

potential weaknesses in an argument

logical fallacies

using evidence that is not relevant to the claim

fallacies of relevance

tactic of switching from the topic at hand to attacking the character of the other speaker

ad hominem

using information that is inaccurate

fallacies of accuracy

hasty generalizations/ not enough evidence to support/ circular reasoning is repeating bad evidence resulting in no evidence at all.

fallacies of insufficiency

the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues in order to raise awareness or to bring about change

satire

what words does the author chose? consider his/her word choice compared to another. Why did the author choose that particular word? What are the connotation of that word choice?

DIDLS prose analysis method (DICTION)

What images does the author use? What does he/she focus on in a sensory way? What kinds of images does the author put in or leave out reflect his/her style? Are they vibrant? Prominent? Plain?

DIDLS prose analysis method (IMAGES)

what details does the author chose to include? What do they imply? What does the author choose to exclude? What are the connotations of their choice of details? Details are facts or fact-less.

DIDLS prose analysis method (DETAILS)

What is the overall impression of the language the author uses? Does it reflect education? A particular profession? Intelligence? Is it plain? Ornate? Simple? Clear? Figurative? Poetic?

DIDLS prose analysis method (LANGUAGE)

what are the sentences like? Are they simple with one or two clauses? DO they have multiple phrases? Are they choppy? Flowing? Is there antithesis, chisamus, parallel construction? What emotional impression do they leave? If we are talking about poetry, what is the meter? Is there a rhyme scheme?

DIDLS prose analysis method (SENTENCE STRUCTURE)

the general, hypothetical and often implicit logical statements that serve as bridges between the claim and the data

warrant

statements that limit the strengths of the argument or statements that propose the conditions under which the argument it true

qualifier

counter arguments or statements indicating circumstances when the general argument does not hold true

rebuttal

statements that serve to support the warrants

backing

a logical structure that uses major premise and minor premise to reach a necessary conclusion

syllogism