Ap world study guide practice questions

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4.1 Identify three items Europeans brought from the Americas

Tobacco, maize, squash.

4.1 Identify an item Europeans brought from Africa

Sugar, coffee, and slaves.

4.1 Identify three items Europeans bought from Asia

Silk, spices, and tea.

4.1 What Middle Eastern kingdom repeatedly challenged Portuguese in the Indian Ocean?

Omani sultunate

4.1 Who were the five european maritime empires?

Spain, Portugal, Great Britain, France, and Holland

4.2 Christopher Columbus was supported by which country in his exploration to “The New World”?

Spain, which provided funding and ships for his voyages.

4.2 What is the goal of the economy theory of Mercantilism?

To accumulate wealth through trade and purchase less things out of state with gold/bullion.

4.2 Which country was the most interested in maritime exploration?

Portugal, due to its advanced navigation techniques and desire for new trade routes.

4.2 Ferdinand Magellan is credited as being the first explorer to . . . 

circumnavigate the globe, proving the Earth is round and connected.

4.2 Vasco da Gama is credited with being the first European explorer to . . .

reach India by sea, establishing a direct trade route.

4.2 Which French explorer claimed parts of Canada for France in an attempt to find a route to Asia?

Jacques Cartier, who explored the St. Lawrence River and laid claim to territories for France.

4.2 The Spanish coming into contact with the Aztecs and Incas led to . . .

the colonization of large parts of the Americas and significant cultural exchanges.

4.2 What country settled in the east coast of the United States and built a settlement called Jamestown

The english

4.2 What country settled in Canada (Quebec) but did not settle for very long. They had good relations with the natives and traded for furs with the Native Americans

The French, who established Quebec as a trading post and interacted positively with Indigenous peoples.

4.3 The Columbian Exchange was named for…

Christopher Columbus, who initiated the widespread transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and the Old World.

4.3 As a result of the Europeans bring diseases to the Americas, the Indigenous population of the Americas fell by what percent?

up to 90 percent

4.3 What were the diseases Europeans brought to the New World? Hint: might be easier to know the one they DID NOT bring.

smallpox, measles, whooping cough, chicken pox, bubonic plague, typhus, and malaria

4.3 Why was the arrival of the horse in the Americas important?

“Transformed the culture of the American Indians living in the Plains region. With the arrival of the horse, Indians could hunt buffalo on horseback so efficiently—and over a larger region—that they had a surplus of food. “

4.3 What was Brazil the perfect climate to grow?

Sugar

4.3 What are crash crops?

Crops grown for sale rather than subsistence. These crops are typically grown in bulk and sold.

4.4 Europeans exchanged ________________________________ for enslaved Africans with the Kingdom of Dahomey

gunpowder

4.4 How did Benin artisans depict Europeans from the 16th century?

As intruders

4.4 The British set up trading posts in which large country?

West africa / india??

4.4 Why was Portugal able to control trade in the Indian Ocean?

Due to their advanced maritime tech,and the establishment of trading posts.

4.4 Europeans purchased enslaved people from which part of Africa?

West Africa

4.4 Why was enslaved people’s journey across the Atlantic known as the Middle Passage?

Because it was the middle leg of a three part voyage.

4.5 What is the commercial revolution?

“empires transformed commerce from local, small-scale trading, mostly based on barter, to large-scale international trade using gold and silver.”

4.5 What trading advantage did the Dutch have over other countries? 

Dutch east india company

4.5 Describe the flow of materials through the Triangular Trade.

A ship might carry European manufactured goods such as firearms to West Africa, and from there transport enslaved Africans to the Americas, and then load up with sugar or tobacco to take to Europe.

4.5 Who were viceroys?

The primary governors of Spanish American colonies and the kingdoms of peninsular Spain

4.5 By 1750, what group enjoyed political dominance in New Spain?

Creoles

4.6 Who was Ana Nzinga?

“Ana Nzinga became ruler of Ndongo in south-central Africa” “She then incited a rebellion in Ndongo, allied with the Dutch, and offered freedom in Matamba to enslaved Africans. Nzinga ruled for decades, building Matamba into an economically strong state.”

4.6 What was the Maratha Empire in India upset at the spread of?

Mughal rule/influence

4.6 The Pueblo and Apache fought Spanish colonizers who were trying to spread which religion?

The Pueblo and Apache fought Spanish colonizers who were trying to spread Christianity, specifically Catholicism.

4.6 Who fought in the Maroon wars?

(enslaved Africans who escaped from plantations in the Americas) and European colonial powers, primarily the Spanish and British, in the 17th and 18th centuries.

4.6 In which country did the Cossacks live?

Russia

4.6 Why did Yemelyan Pugachev lead a rebellion against Catherine the Great?  What was the end result?

because of widespread discontent among the Cossacks, peasants, and serfs

4.6 What was the power struggle in England centered around?  What was the end result of the Glorious Revolution?

The shift from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy.

4.7 What was the timar system?

in the Ottoman Empire, grant of lands or revenues by the sultan to an individual in compensation for his services

4.7 While the Ottomans invited Jews exiled from Spain in 1492, what were three ways they did not have full equality?

Many did. Some Jews became court physicians and diplomats. Others contributed to the literary community and might have brought the printing press to the Ottoman Empire. While they were allowed to worship, they did not have full equality:

* They were permitted to live only in specified areas of the cities.

* They paid a tax called a jizya that was required of all non-Muslims in the empire.

* They could not hold top positions in the empire, which were reserved for Muslims.

4.7 Roxelana was a woman that . . .

Was a woman who became the wife and influential confidante of Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, rising to great political power and becoming the first woman in Ottoman history to hold the title of Haseki Sultan.

4.7 Qing Dynasty officials massacred __________________________ who refused to assimilate to Qing culture

The Qing used Han Chinese defectors to carry out massacres against Han who refused to assimilate to Qing practices. These defectors played a massive role in the Qing conquest of China. Han Chinese General Li Chengdong, for example, orchestrated three separate massacres in the city of Jaiding within one month. By the end of those four weeks, there was hardly a person left alive in the city. Later, Han Chinese defector Liu Liangzuo massacred the entire population of Jiangyin, killing between 74,000 and 100,000 people.

4.7  Where was the nobility in the European social hierarchy?

In Europe the top level was royalty—members of a royal family. The aristocracy or nobility was the next highest level.

4.7 What determined your place in the social hierarchy in Latin America?

Skin color.

4.7 What were two actions Ivan IV took against the nobility who opposed him?

After Ivan's forces defeated Novgorod, Ivan confiscated the lands of his boyar opponents. He forced them and their families to move to Moscow, where he could keep them under surveillance.

4.7 What influenced more toleration/decline in prejudice against Jews?

Scientific revolution and the Enlightenment.