Alimentary 4: Diseases of the The Salivary Glands, Tonsils, Tongue, and Esophagus

What is the difference between a True Salivary Cyst and a Ranula?

• True Salivary Cysts

  • Distention/dilation of a salivary gland 

• Ranula

  • True Salivary cysts on the floor of the mouth or along the side of the tongue

What is Mucocele or sialocele?

• A pseudocyst of the Salivary Gland

• It occurs as the result of accumulation in the submucosa or subcutaneous tissue after damage to the salivary duct

  • It is a pocket of saliva in the submandibular soft tissue

Define Sialithasis

Calculus or stones that form within the salivary gland

Define Sialadenitis

Inflammation of the Salivary Gland

What are some diseases that can cause Sialadenitis in animals?

• Canine Distemper

• Salmonellosis in pigs

• Rabies

What is Epitheliogenesis imperfecta?

The incomplete development/formation of the epithelium

What is the Etiology of Actinobacillosis (aka Wooden Tongue)?

Actinobacillus lignieresii

What is Thrush? What is its Etiology?

• A disease of the tongue

• An infection of the keratinized epithelium of the tongue

  • Presents as a yellow/grey/green pseudomembrane

  • Can be easily scraped off

• Etiology

  • Candida Albicans

For diseases of the esophagus, what are their general C.S?

• Regurgitation

• Dysphagia

• Odynophagia (painful swallowing)

• Multiple swallowing attempts\Excessive salivation

Provide the Etiology

1. BVD

2. Bovine Papular stomatitis virus

What is Megaesophagus, what are the 2 different forms?

• Dilation of the esophagus due to insufficient/uncoordinated peristalsis

  • Congenital

  • Acquired

What are the 3 causes of Congenital Megaesophagus?

1. Caused by a persistent right aortic arch → caused segmental esophageal dilation

2. Idiopathic denervation of esophagus → Diffuse esophageal dilation

3. Congenital Myasthenia gravis → Diffuse esophageal dilation

What is the only congenital cause of Megaesophagus that results in Segmental Esophageal Dilation?

Persistent right aortic arch → caused segmental esophageal dilation

What are the 2 causes of Acquired Megaesophagus?

1. Idiopathic

2. Muscle Disease

   1. Myasthenia Gravis

   2. Hypoadrenocortisism

   3. Hypothyroidism

   4. Esophagitis

Most acquired forms of Megaesophagus are _____ (Diffuse/Segmental)

Diffuse

What is the Iatrogenic cause of Esophageal rupture?

Intubation of esophagus (tears during endoscopy)

What are the 4 sites in which Esophageal obstruction (choke) and or rupture is most common? Why these sites?

1. Larynx

2. Thoracic inlet

3. Base of the heart

4. Diaphragmatic hiatus

These are all areas where the esophagus narrows

This circumferential damage to the esophagus indicates what?

A blockage

What are some sequelae that can occur as a result of an Esophageal obstruction/Rupture?

• Perforation

• Aspiration Pneumonia

• Stenosis (Narrowing)

• Bloat (Cattle)

What is Reflux Esophagitis?

Chemical damage of the epithelium in the esophagus due to repeated gastric acid reflux

What parasite is known to encyst in the esophagus? What type of inflammation does it cause?

• Spirocerca Lupi

  • Chronic granulomatous esophagitis

T/F: Spirocerca Lupi can cause a chronic granulomatous esophagitis that can transform into a malignant sarcoma

True!

T/F: Spirocerca lupi can also cause aoirtic aneurysms

True