Reabsorption and Secretion of Nephron and definitions of pathology

Proximal Convulted Tube ( Reabsrobed)

• Glucose, Amino acids, proteins, vitamins, ions (Na+ and K+) via facilitated diffusion OR active transport

• 65% of water via Osmosis

• Some waste (BY ACCIDENT)

Proximal Convoluted Tubule (Secreted)

H+ ions

Toxic waste (Urea, Uric acid, Creatinine and ketone bodies)

Drugs

Descending Loop of Henle (Reabsorbed and Secreted)

15% of filtrate water is reabsorbed due to high permeability due to lots of aquaporins and NOTHING IS SECRETED HERE

Ascending Loop of Henle (Reabsorbed)

• Impermeable to water so NO water absorption here

• Sodium ions and Chloride ions via active transport (Chloride follows passively)

• K+ ions

• IMPORTANT: creates osmotic gradient in kidney medulla

Ascending loop of Henle (secreted)

Varying amounts of urea

Collecting ducts (Reabsorbed)

• Sodium ions via active transport (amount depends on aldosterone secretion)

• Urea via a FORM of diffusion (most likely facilitated or passive)

• 5-9% of filtrate water is passively reabsorbed via osmosis

• IMPORTANT: permeability of this DUCT is affected by ADH

Collecting ducts (secretion)

Potassium, Urea and Hydorgen ions in varying amounts

Blood cells location

Plasma

Large proteins location

Plasma (protein option btw)

Small protein location

Plasma and Glomerular filterate

Glucose location

Plasma and Glomerular filterate

Salts location

Plasma, Glomerular filterate and Urine

Urea location

Plasma glomerular filterate and Urine

Uric Acid location

Plasma, glomerular filterate and Urine

Anuria

The absence of urine

Oliguria

Scanty/ little urine

Polyuria

Excessive urine production

Haematuria

The presence of blood in urine indicating RENAL DISEASE

Glycosuria

The increased concentration of glucose in urine indicating DIABETES MELLITUS

Pyuria

The presence of leukocytes and pus indicating a form of infection

Albuminuria

The presence of proteins indicating renal disease (same as haematuria!)

Acetonuria

The increased amount of ketones and acetone indicating either diabetes or ketoacidosis

Biluria

The presence of bile in urine indicating an obstruction in the bile duct