the heart and fetal circulation

major components of the cardiovascular system

• heart, blood vessels, blood

major functions of the cardiovascular system

transportation of nutrients and oxygen, waste products, hormones

four chambers of the heart

• right atrium

• left atrium

• right ventricle

• left ventricle

right side of the heart function

pump for pulmonary circuit

left side of the heart function

pump for systemic circuit

right atrium

receives deoxygenated blood from

• superior vena cava

• inferior vena cava

• coronary sinus

right ventricle

discharges deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary circuit

left atrium

receives oxygenated blood from

• four pulmonary veins

  • 2 right and 2 left pulmonary veins

left ventricle

discharges oxygenated blood into the systemic circuit

• has thicker myocardium to force blood far distances

fossa ovalis

remnant from fetal development (foramen vale) that shunts blood from right atrium to left atrium

layers of the heart

• epicardium

• myocardium

• endocardium

great vessels of the heart

• superior vena cava

• inferior vena cava

• pulmonary veins

• pulmonary trunk and arteries

• aorta

superior vena cava

• formed by the joining of the left and right brachiocephalic vv.

• returns blood from thoracic wall, upper limb, head, and neck

inferior vena cava

• formed by the joining of the left and right common iliac vv.

• returns blood from the abdomen, pelvis, and lower limb

pulmonary trunk and arteries

• pulmonary trunk leaves the right ventricle and bifurcates into the left and right pulmonary aa.

pulmonary veins

carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium

aorta

leaves left ventricle to send oxygenated blood to systemic circulation

atrioventricular valves

• prevents back flow into the atria

• tricuspid valve and bicuspid or mitral valve

semilunar valves

• prevents back flow into ventricles

• aortic semilunar valve

• pulmonary semilunar valve

tricuspid valve

between right atrium and right ventricle

bicuspid valve or mitral valve

between left atrium and left ventricle

aortic semilunar valve

between left ventricle and aorta

pulmonary semilunar valve

between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

papillary muscle

holds valve leaflet flat to prevent prolapsing

flow of blood through heart and lungs

right atrium → tricuspid valve → right ventricle → pulmonary semilunar valve → pulmonary trunk → pulmonary arteries → lungs → pulmonary veins → left atrium → bicuspid valve → left ventricle → aortic semilunar valve → aorta

right arterial coronary circulation

base of aorta → right coronary artery → right marginal artery AND Posterior interventricular artery

left arterial coronary circulation

base of aorta → left coronary artery → anterior inter ventricular artery AND circumflex artery

venous coronary circulation

small cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein, and great cardiac vein → coronary sinus → right atrium

umbilical vein

• fetal structure found within the inferior edge of the falciform ligament of the liver

• closure form the ligament teres (round ligament of the liver

ductus venous

• shunts blood from the umbilical vein through the liver directly into the IVC

• some blood passing through nourishes the liver tissue

• closure form the ligament venous in the adult

ductus arteriosus

• shunts blood that made it to the left pulmonary artery to the aorta

• acts as secondary shunt

• closure forms the ligamentum arteriosum in the adult