Bio111 Chapter 7: Cell Structure and Cell Types

Nucleus

Central membrane-bound organelle that functions to store DNA and manage the functions of the cell

Organelle

Specialized internal cell structure that carries out specific cell functions such as protein synthesis and energy transformation

Eukaryotic cell

Cell that contains a membrane-bound nucleus and other organelles; generally larger and more complex

Prokaryotic cell

Microscopic, single-celled organism like bacteria that does not contain a nucleus or any membrane-bound organelles. It does contain ribosomes and DNA.

Cytoplasm

Semifluid material inside the cell's plasma membrane

Cytoskeleton

Mesh-like network of protein fibers that supports the shape of the cell

Ribosome

simple organelle that makes proteins for the cell

Nucleolus

Organelle in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells that makes ribosomes

Endoplasmic reticulum

Highly folded membrane system in eukaryotic cells that functions to transport proteins from the ribosome through the cell. This organelle is the site for protein and lipid synthesis

Golgi body

Flattened stack of tubular membranes that modifies, sorts, stores, packages, and routes proteins and other chemical products to their next destinations in a cell or out of the cell

Vacuole

Membrane-bound vesicle for temporary storage of materials such as food, enzymes, and wastes

Lysosome

Organelle that is responsible for digesting excess or worn-out parts for reuse

Centriole

Organelle that plays a role in cell division and is made of microtubules

Mitochondria

membrane-bound organelle that converts fuel into energy (makes ATP) for the rest of the cell

Chloroplast

Double-membrane organelle in a plant cell that captures light energy and converts it to chemical energy through photosynthesis

Plant Cell

Eukaryotic Cell that has chloroplasts, a cell wall, and a large vacuole.

Animal Cell

Eukaryotic Cell that does not have chloroplasts or a cell wall