Definition p578 Attitudes p579 Cognitive dissonance and experiment Festinger p581-582 Attribution theory p584 Biases and fundamental attribution error p585 Conformity p588-589 Asch experiment p589 Groupthink p589-590 Conformity p591 and Zimbardo Obedience and Milgram p593-594 Observational learning p607

What are attitudes in psychology?

Evaluations of people, objects, and ideas.

What is cognitive dissonance?

The discomfort experienced when holding conflicting beliefs or behaviors.

How did Festinger's experiment relate to cognitive dissonance?

It demonstrated that people reduce dissonance by changing their attitudes to match their behavior when there isn't sufficient justification for the behavior.

What does Attribution Theory explain?

It explains how people determine the causes of behavior, either internal (dispositional) or external (situational).

What is the Fundamental Attribution Error?

The tendency to overestimate dispositional factors and underestimate situational factors when explaining others' behavior.

What is conformity in psychology?

Adjusting one's behavior or thinking to align with a group standard.

What did the Asch Experiment demonstrate?

It demonstrated the power of normative social influence and that individuals often conform to group opinions, even when those opinions are clearly incorrect.

What is groupthink?

The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives.

What did Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment demonstrate about conformity?

It demonstrated the power of situational forces on behavior, where participants quickly conformed to their roles as guards or prisoners.

What did Milgram's obedience experiments show?

They showed that people tend to obey authority figures even when asked to perform actions that conflict with their personal values.

What is observational learning?

Observational learning occurs through watching the actions of others and later repeating them, also known as social learning.