Definition p578 Attitudes p579 Cognitive dissonance and experiment Festinger p581-582 Attribution theory p584 Biases and fundamental attribution error p585 Conformity p588-589 Asch experiment p589 Groupthink p589-590 Conformity p591 and Zimbardo Obedience and Milgram p593-594 Observational learning p607

Attitudes (p579): Evaluations of people, objects, and ideas.

Cognitive Dissonance (p581-582): The discomfort experienced when holding conflicting beliefs or behaviors. Festinger's experiment demonstrated that people reduce dissonance by changing their attitudes to match their behavior, especially when there isn't sufficient justification for the behavior.

Attribution Theory (p584): A theory that explains how people determine the causes of behavior, either internal (dispositional) or external (situational).

Biases/Fundamental Attribution Error (p585): The tendency to overestimate dispositional factors and underestimate situational factors when explaining others' behavior.

Conformity (p588-589): Adjusting one's behavior or thinking to align with a group standard.

Asch Experiment (p589): Demonstrated the power of normative social influence, showing that individuals often conform to group opinions, even when those opinions are clearly incorrect.

Groupthink (p589-590): The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives.

Conformity - Zimbardo (p591): likely refers to the Stanford Prison Experiment, which demonstrated the power of situational forces on behavior. Participants quickly conformed to their roles as guards or prisoners, exhibiting behaviors they would not have otherwise.

Obedience - Milgram (p593-594): Milgram's obedience experiments showed that people tend to obey authority figures even when asked to perform actions that conflict with their personal values.

Observational Learning (p607): Observational learning occurs through watching the actions of others. A person might see a model engaging in this behavior and later repeat it. Also known as social learning, takes place when new behaviors are learned by watching and imitating others.