Biol 211: Biomolecules and Cellular Systems

These flashcards cover key concepts related to biomolecules and cellular systems, including classifications of cells, cellular processes, and important cellular structures.

Domains of life

The three primary classifications of all living organisms: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

Prokaryotic cells

Cells that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, typically unicellular.

Eukaryotic cells

Cells that have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, can be unicellular or multicellular.

Endosymbiotic Theory

Theory stating that eukaryotic cells originated from symbiotic relationships between different prokaryotic cells.

Microtubules

Cytoskeletal structures that provide support and are involved in cell division.

SA:V ratio

Surface Area to Volume ratio, important for cell size and function.

Photosynthesis

The process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods with the help of chlorophyll.

Cell membrane

The thin, flexible barrier around a cell that regulates what enters and leaves the cell.

Autotrophs

Organisms that produce their own food from inorganic substances; examples include plants.

Heterotrophs

Organisms that obtain their food and energy by consuming other organisms.

Ribosomes

Cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis; found in all living cells.

Thermodynamics

The branch of physics that deals with the relationships between heat and other forms of energy.

Cellular Respiration

The metabolic process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy, carbon dioxide, and water.

Cytoskeleton

A network of fibers that helps maintain cell shape and is involved in cell division and movement.

Lysosomes

Organelles that contain digestive enzymes to break down waste materials and cellular debris.

Vesicles

Small membrane-bound sacs that transport materials within the cell.

Chloroplasts

Organelles found in plant cells that conduct photosynthesis.

Mitochondria

Organelles known as the powerhouses of the cell, where cellular respiration occurs.

Endomembrane system

A system of membranes in eukaryotic cells that includes the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles.

Nutritional requirements of organisms

Classification of organisms based on their sources of energy and carbon.