Hist unit 1-3

Dual Alliance

Alliance between Germany and Austria Hungary in 1879

Triple Alliance

Italy was added in 1882

Dreikaiserbund

League of the three emperors. Alliance betwren german,russian, and austro hungarian empires. 1873-1887

Entente Cordiale

Agreements france and britain

Franz Ferdinand

Heir to the throne of Austria-Hungaryand was assassinated in june 1914

July crisis

Series of events on july 914 that led to ww1

Hollweg

Imperial chancellor of Germany + had a key role in beggining of ww1

Plan xviii

Frances strategy against Germany before ww1 over Alsace lorraine

1st moroccan crisis

Crisis between france and germany over control of morocco.

2nd moroccan crisis

conflict between France and Germany over Morocco's status.

Bosnian crisis

dispute where Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia, angering Serbia and Russia,

1st balkan war

the Balkan League vs ottoman empire. Oct 912-913

2nd balkan war

Bulgaria vs former balkan league allies.

Garvilo princip

Was a student that was part of the serbian black hand resistance group and killed Franz Ferdinand.

Wilhelm 2

Last German emperor

Triple entente

Alliance between Great Britain, France, and Russia.

Empires that fell after ww1

Russian, German, Austro, and Ottoman Empire.

Nicholas 2

Last reigning emperor of Russia in 917. Was overthrown and then executed by the bolsheviks in 918.

poincare

Was president of france from 913 til 920.

Blank cheque

promise of support Germany gave to Austria-Hungary following the assassination of Franz Ferdinand

schlieffen plan

German military strategy to win a two-front war by quickly defeating France before Russia could fully mobilize before ww1.

Hindenburg

German military leader who led the Imperial German Army during World War I and later became President of Germany

Luddendorf

was a German general and politician. He achieved fame during World War I for his central role in the German victories

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

peace treaty signed on 3 March 1918 between Soviet Russia and the Central Powers, which Russia withdrew from World War I

League of Nations

an organization made after ww1 to prevent further wars as big as ww1. 1920

Fourteen Points

The Fourteen Points was a statement of principles for peace that was to be used for peace negotiations in order to end World War I. 1918

Treaty of Versailles

a peace treaty signed on 28 June 1919. it ended the state of war between Germany and most of the Allied Powers.

Armistice

formal agreement of warring parties to stop fighting.

Weimar Republic

Germany's democratic government from 1919 to 1933, established after the defeat in World War I

Council of Four

name for the leader of allied powers that played a role in the treaty of versailles.

Vladimir Lenin

A russian revolutionary

Josef Stalin

A soviet politician and rose to become a dictator in the soviet union

Kerensky

Russian lawyer and politician who led the Provisional Government in Russia after the fall of the Tsar in February 1917

Proviosional GOV

Temporary government

April Theses

were a series of ten directives issued by the Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin upon his April 1917 return

Treaty of Rapollo

an agreement signed on 16 April 1922 between the German Reich and Soviet Russia.

White Army

Anti bolshevik 1917-1923

Red Army

the army of the Bolsheviks

Bread, Land, and Peace

was the slogan of the Bolshevik Party during the Russian Revolution of 1917, demanding an end to World War I (peace), redistribution of land to the peasantry (land), and an end to widespread food shortages and famine (bread).

October Manifesto

issued by the emperor Nicholas II that in effect marked the end of autocracy in Russia In 1905

Constituent Assembly

body assembled for the purpose of drafting or revising a constitution

CHEKA

Secret police in bolshevik gov in 1917

july days

July Days, (July 16–20 [July 3–7, old style], 1917), a period in the Russian Revolution during which workers and soldiers of Petrograd staged armed demonstrations against the Provisional Government

Kronstadt Uprising

an uprising in March 1921 by sailors and others at the Kronstadt naval base against the Bolshevik government, demanding free and independently elected Soviets and an end to harsh economic policies of "war communism"

Kulaks

were wealthier peasant farmers in Russia

War communism

the Bolshevik economic and political system in Soviet Russia from 1918 to 1921, implemented during the Russian Civil War to support the Red Army and sustain the war effort.

New Economic Policy

an economic system introduced by Vladimir Lenin in 1921 in the Soviet Union as a temporary strategic retreat from strict socialist policies to rebuild the war-ravaged economy, allowing limited private enterprise and markets, particularly in agriculture

Bolshevik

member of the majority faction of the Russian Social Democratic Party, which was renamedthe Communist Party after seizing power in the October Revolution of 1917

October Revolution

e October Revolution was a planned Bolshevik-led insurrection in Russia on November 6-8, 1917 (October 24-25 on the Julian calendar) that overthrew the Provisional Government and brought Vladimir Lenin and the Bolshevik Party to power, initiating the Soviet regime and establishing the world's first communist state.

Febuary Revolution

demonstrations and strikes in Petrograd, Russia, starting on March 8, 1917 (February 23 on the Julian calendar), that led to the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II and the end of centuries of Romanov rule. Fuelled by food shortages and discontent with World War I, the protests, supported by striking workers and defecting troops, resulted in the formation of a provisional government