Lecture 12: Mitosis and Cell Division

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts related to Mitosis and Cell Division

Mitosis

The process where DNA and chromosomes are separated into daughter cells.

Cytokinesis

The process where the rest of the cell, including the cytoplasm, is split into two cells.

Centrosomes

Microtubule organizing centers in the cell.

Kinetochores

Protein structures at the centromere where microtubules attach.

Microtubules

Components of the mitotic spindle that help organize and separate chromosomes.

Prophase

The first stage of mitosis where chromosomes condense and the nucleolus disappears.

Prometaphase

A stage of mitosis where the nuclear envelope fragments and microtubules attach to kinetochores.

Metaphase

The stage of mitosis where chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate.

Anaphase

The stage of mitosis where sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.

Telophase

The stage of mitosis where events of prophase and prometaphase are reversed, and the nuclear envelope reforms.

Nucleolus

The part of the nucleus where ribosomes are made; disappears during prophase and reforms after cell division.

Mitotic Spindle

Microtubules that organize chromosomes for cell division.

Sister Chromatids

Two identical copies of a chromosome made by DNA replication.

Centromere

Region on a chromosome where microtubules attach during cell division.

Chromatid

One of the two identical daughter copies of a chromosome made by DNA replication.

Kinetochore Microtubules

Microtubules that attach to the kinetochores and are involved in moving chromosomes.

Nonkinetochore Microtubules

Microtubules that do not attach to chromosomes but help lengthen and extend the cell.

Metaphase Plate

An imaginary plane where chromosomes are lined up during metaphase.

Actin Microfilaments

Protein microfilaments forming a contractile ring in animal cells during cytokinesis.

Cell Plate

A structure formed by vesicles during cytokinesis in plant cells, which eventually forms the cell wall.