CH 13 - Joints

overview and classification (structural, functional), fibrious joints (suture, syndemosis, gomphosis), cartilaginous joints (synchondrosis, symphysis), synovial (Structural, additional, types)

joints (definition, function)

[articulations] locations where bones/bones and cartilage meet

function: allow for movement OR stability, no movement (cartilage)

structural joint classifications (definition)

focused on if bones are anchored via connective tissue or joint cavities (fluid-filled spaces)

structural joint classifications (list)

1. fibrous joint: bones united via fibrous connective tissue

2. cartilaginous joint: bones united via hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage

3. synovial joint: articulating bone surfaces in contact (not connected) within fluid-filled joint cavity

functional joint classification (definition)

describes degree/range of movement allowed by structural joint component

• immobile → slightly movable → freely movable

functional joint classification (list)

1. synarthrosis: immobile joint, possibly fibrous or cartilaginous

2. amphiarthrosis: slight movement allowed, possibly fibrous or cartilaginous

3. diarthrosis: freely moveable joint, all synovial joints

synarthrosis (main functions, examples)

(functional type: immobile or nearly immobile)

• strong union btwn articulating bones

• protection for internal organs

ex/ bones of the skull, manubriosternal joint (unites manubrium + body of sternum)

amphiarthrosis (examples)

(functional type: limited mobility)

• cartilaginous joint uniting adjacent vertebrae

  • intervertebral disc (thick fibrocartilage) fill gaps between vertebrae

• pubic symphysis of pelvis

  • public regions of right/left hip bones are anchored via fibrocartilage

diarthrosis (examples)

(functional type: freely mobile)

• synovial joints; provides most body movements

• shoulder/hip joints: multiaxial movement

multiaxial joint

(functional → diarthrosis → shoulder&hip joint → multiaxial joint)

allows for 3 types of movement:

• anterior-posterior

• medial-lateral

• rotational

what functional joint type is most commonly found in the appendicular skeleton?

diarthrotic joint - provides limbs with wide range of motion/mobility

fibrous joints (def & types)

(structural) bones united via fibrous connective tissue

• no cavity between the bones

• gap of tissue can be narrow or wide

types

• suture

• syndesmosis

• gophosis

suture

(structural → fibrous joint)