Horticulture Test 3

lower than out in the air.

inside the trunk of the tree, the pressure in the xylem is normally

cohesion

The electrostatic attraction of one water molecule for another water molecule is _

adhesion

The electrostatic attraction of a water molecule to the wall of a xylem vessel is _

the end farthest away from the hydrogens

Water molecules have a slightly more negative charge at which end?

polar

Because of the difference in charge across a water molecule, it is said to be _

sunlight heating the leaves

The source of energy used to pump water to the top of a tree is

400

The tallest tree now living in the world is _ feet tall

600, 183

The theory of how water moves through a plant predicts that the maximum height to which a tree could lift water is _ feet, or _ m

A

This letter indicates synthesis of new phytochrome

E

This letter indicates destruction of phytochrome

C

This letter represents the instantaneous change in phytochrome when far red light is shined on it

B

This letter represents the instantaneous change of phytochrome when red light is shined on it.

D

This letter represents the slow natural conversion of phytochrome that occurs during hours of darkness

A or E

The plant is actively measuring the current level of which form?

Short Day Plant

If you wanted to grow big onions in the Lakeland area, you would plant them in the late fall and harvest in late winter or early spring, since they like cool weather. Which type should you plant?

leaves

Most plants measure day length with phytochrome, in

drops , sunrise

A long-day plant like tobacco will decide to flower when the active form pf phytochrome _ below some predetermined, crtical level just before _

fails, sunrise

A short-day plant (e.g., a poinsettia) will decide to flower when the active form of phytochrome _ to drop below some predetermined, critical level just before _

Perlite

If dry, its dust can be dangerous, causing silicosis of the lungs. It is made by exploding lava rock in a furnace

Sand

Heaviest of many medias, useful to keep pots blowing over from wind

Florida Peat

Made of partially decayed plants of various species, with a variable pH

Canadian Peat

Always has a very low pH (3.5) so must be treated with a liming material

Canadian Peat

So completely sterile that it was used to dress wounds in World War II.

50, 100

Florida peat is, on average, is _ to _ years old

500, 1000

Canadian peat is, on average, is _ to _ years old

0.1

A soil with a pH of 8 has ___ times as many hydrogen ions as does a soil of pH 7.

sand

Which soil component has the largest particle size?

clay

Which soil component has the smallest particle size?

clay

Which soil component would have the highest cation exchange capacity

clay

Thoroughly decayed matter, or humus, will have a cation exchange capacity closest to

hydrogen ions

In our discussion of pH management, we used the analogy of a football game between an NFL team and Dr. Manners' sister's kindergarten class. In that analogy, kindergarten kids represent

lowering the pH of the soil

In the football analogy, the ability to put more kids on the field (hundreds or thousands of them) represents

aluminum sulfate

Popular in northeastern states; works quickly to lower soil pH

iron sulfate

Also known as "copperas"

iron sulfate

Popular in southeastern states; works quickly to lower soil pH

sulfur

Causes itching, burning eyes, sore throat and cough, and it stinks

iron sulfate

Also known as "ferrous sulfate"

sulfur

Slowest working material listed, but also the longest lasting

iron sulfate

Can cause rust stains on sidewalks and clothing

dolomite

Of all the materials listed, the one that works the slowest but lasts longest in the soil for raising pH

hydrated lime

The active ingredient in Nair and other depilatories (hair removers) is _ _. Another name for slaked lime.

hydrated lime

Once you add some water to burned lime, it becomes

dolomite

the pH increaser that contains significant magnesium

calcic limestone

the pH increaser that burned lime is made from (the material before it is burned)

quicklime

The other name for burned lime

non nutrient essential

oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen are examples of _-_ _ elements

macronutrients

phosphorous, nitrogen, and potassium are examples of _

secondary

calcium, sulfur, and magnesium are examples of _ nutrients

micronutrients

zinc and iron are examples of _

plants

sodium and iodine are needed by most animals, but not _

nitrogen, carbon

A fertilizer bag is labeled "100% Organic!" Under U.S. law, this means that all of the _ in the fertilizer is attached to _ atoms

natural

If a fertilizer bag is labeled "100% Natural!" under U.S. law, this means that the fertilizer is made entirely from _ sources

Nitrogen

A fertilizer is labeled 12-5-8. The 12 represents

Phosphorous

A fertilizer is labeled 12-5-8. The 5 represents

potassium

A fertilizer is labeled 12-5-8. The 8 represents

element, weight

In a fertilizer, the first number indicates percent of the _ by _

X2O5

In a fertilizer, the second number indicates the element, expressed as _, where X is the element

X2O

In a fertilizer, the third number indicates the element, expressed as _, where X is the element

some

A fertilizer is labeled as "complete." That means it contains at least _ of N, P, and K

same

A fertilizer is labeled as "balanced." That means the three numbers in the formulation are the _

II

Stage _ is when a cytokinin would be used

II

The number of plants is increasing in stage _

II

Stage _ lasts the longest -- often a year, with many replates

IV

Stage _ is done in an intermittent mist bed

III

Stage in which roots form (assume you’re not skipping any steps) is _

I

Stage in which the explant goes from in vivo to in vitro is _

0

Stage that isn’t really part of true tissue culture, but is usually done anyway is _

IV

Stage in which roots form (assume you did skip one step) is _

III

Stage often skipped entirely, because it is not necessary for most crops is

I

Stage in which the explant has to be disinfected with bleach is _

III

Stage in which an auxin would be used is

IV

Stage in which the explant goes from in vitro to in vivo is

1,000,000

If a commercial tissue culture lab started with a single piece of a plant, what is the maximum number of plants they would typically make from it, in a year?

autoclave

The steam pressure cooker in which tools are sterilized

aseptic

Totally clean, no bacteria, fungi, or other organisms means

HEPA

The filter in a laminar-flow hood, which removes all bacteria and fungal spores

agaragar

Made from seaweed from the Indian Ocean, this stuff causes the medium to gel

replate

To transfer a tissue-cultured plant from one jar to another is to _

scion

In a grafted plant, the part that forms the top -- with leaves, stems, flowers, is the _

stock

In a grafted plant, the part that forms the bottom -- the roots and base of the trunk, is the

union

In a grafted plant, the scar where the two parts are joined is the _

an ancient concept, but not mentioned in the Bible

Grafting is _