Enzymes and Biomolecules

Monomer for carbohydrates

Monosaccharides

Polymers for carbohydrates

Polysaccharides

Elements in Carbohydrates

CHO (Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen)

Short term energy

Carbohydrates

Glucose

Monosaccharide and Carbohydrates

Starch, Cellulose (Structure)

Polysaccharide and Carbohydrates

Monomers for Proteins

Amino Acids

Polymers for Proteins

Polypeptide

Elements in Proteins

CHON (S) Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and (Sulfur)

How many type of amino acids are there?

20

How many amino acids are necessary.

9

Peptide Bonds

Proteins

Biurets Solutions

Proteins Blue(-) or Purple(+)

Triglycerides and phospholipids are…

Lipids

Lipids are what type of energy?

Long term energy

Elements in Lipids

CHO (Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen)

How to test lipids

Grease Stain test

Cellulose support what?

Structure

Monomers for Nucleic Acids

Nucleotides

Polymers for Nucleic Acids

Polynucleotides

Elements for Nucleic Acids

CHONP (Oxygen, Nitrogen, Hydrogen, Carbon, and Phosphorus)

Hydrolysis

When you add water to a molecule bond breaking the bonds.

Dehydration Synthesis

When you remove water from a monomer creating a molecule bond.

What macromolecule hold genetic material?

Nucleic acids

Enzymes lowers…

activation energy.

Denature

when the shape or structure of a enzyme changes due to higher levels of temperature or pH.

Catalyst are…

a type of enzyme that lowers activation energy in a chemical reaction.

Enzyme substrate complex

is when the substrate is at the active site going through the chemical reactio.

Active Site

the place in the enzyme where the reaction happens.

Activation energy

The amount of energy required to do a chemical reaction.

Cell membrane are made of…

lipids

Monosaccharides are tested by…

Benedict’s solution Blue(no sugar)- Red(lots of sugar)

Polysaccharides are tested by…

Lugols solution Dark(+) Light(-)

Functions of carbohydrates

1. to break down in living things to form ATP, an energy source for cells.

2. Can make up structure in cells (plant cell wall)- cellulose

Reactants

changing during chemical reactions

Product

made by chemical reactions

Functions of lipids

1. broken down as a source of energy

2. Made up of cell membrane

3. used to make hormones

The basic molecule structure of fats and oils are…

1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids.

Lipids are…

fats, oils, steroids, non-polar molecules.

Functions of proteins

1. enzymes (speed up digestion)

2. structure

3. storage

4. contractive (muscles)

5. immune defense

6. transportation.

Functions of nucleic acids

1. DNA, which store genetic information (can’t leave the nucleus)

2. RNA, which build proteins (can leave the nucleus)

How to test nucleic acids in a lab…

every living organism/cell has nucleic acids. ALWAYS POSITIVE

Nucleotides are made up of:

Sugar

Phosphate group

and a nitrogen base!