tragic flaw
personality trait of a main character that leads to his or her downfall
stubborn
determined not to change one’s attitude even when it may be best to do so
loyalty
strong feeling of support or allegiance
timid
lack of courage or confidence; easily frightened
conflicted
confused and inconsistent feelings
carriage
a four-wheeled passenger vehicle carried by two or more horses
theme
the main idea or underlying meaning in a work of literature
confident
self-assured; trusting highly in oneself
self-esteem
confidence and satisfaction in oneself
main idea
the general idea a writer tries to show in his or her work
detail
bits of factual information
assertion
a confident and forceful statement of belief or fact
logical reasoning
the act of analyzing a situation and coming up with a sensible solution
claim
a statement or assertion that something is true
rhetorical question
a question created more for dramatic effect than for answer
exposition
background information where characters and setting are explained in a story
personification
giving human attributes to something nonhuman
paraphrase
rewording something written or spoken
ambition
a strong desire to achieve or do something
parallelism
aligned grammatical structures. Ex.
founder
to fail or break down
contrast
to show differences
tone
the author’s attitude toward a subject
soliloquy
gives the audience information about the character’s private thoughts
alliteration
repetition of the same sound at the beginning of a series of words
object of the preposition
follows the preposition and bridges the object and part of speech the preposition is modifying. Ex. I went into the classroom. OP: classroom
relative clause
has a subject and verb but cannot stand alone as a sentence. Ex. Students who don’t study may not do well. “who don’t study”
compound sentence
two independent clauses joined by a comma and a conjunction. Ex. I am taking a test, and I am doing well.
compound sentence punctuation
Use a comma and a conjunction or just a semicolon ;
dramatic irony
the audience knows something the characters do not
imagery
language that stimulates the reader’s senses
connotation (negative or positive)
implied meaning or emotion attached to a word
Quotation punctuation
You may use a colon to introduce a quote if an entire sentence precedes the colon.