the skeletal and muscular system

Shoulder extension

Agonist: Latissimus Dorsi

Antagonist: Pectoralis Major

Plantar flexion

Agonist: Gastrocneminus and Soleus

Antagonist: Tibialis Anterior

Hip extension

Agonist: gluteus maximus

Antagonist: iliopsoas (hip flexors)

Knee Extension

Agonist: quadriceps group

Antagonist: hamstring group

Elbow Extension

Agonist: triceps brachii

Antagonist: biceps brachii

What is antagonistic muscle action?

Muscles work in pairs, agonist contracts, antagonist relaxes

What is circumlocution?

Movement in a circular manner with one end stationery

What is horizontal extension?

Movement of limbs away from midline parallel to the ground

What is a tendon?

Fibrous connective tissue attaching muscle to bone

What is adduction?

Movement of limbs towards the midline

What is the function of the synovial fluid?

Reduces friction and nourishes articular cartilage

What is a saddle joint?

Joint shaped like a saddle for flexibility

What is rotation?

Movement where bones turn about their longitudinal axis

What is horizontal flexion?

Movement of limbs towards midline parallel to the ground

What is a slightly movable joint?

A joint that knows limited movement

What is flexion?

Movement that decreases the joint angle

What is a fixed joint?

A joint that does not allow movement

What is abduction?

Movement of limbs away from the midline

What is the function of articular cartilage?

Absorbs shock and allows friction-free movement

What is a hinge joint?

Joint allowing forward and backward movement

What is a ligament?

Tough band of connective fibrous tissue

What is the function of a ligament?

Attaches bone to bone

What is the function of a short bone?

Designed to be weight bearing

What does the frontal plane do?

Divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

What characterises a short bone?

Box-like in shape, like tarsals

What characterises an irregular bone?

Unusually shaped bones for a unique purpose

What is the function of a long bone?

Plays a key part in leverage and movement

What are the types of joints?

Fixed, slightly moveable, synovial

What is extension?

Movement that increases the joint range

What is the function of a bursa?

Reduces friction between tendons and bones

What are the types of bones in the skeletal system?

Long bone, short bone, flat bone, irregular bone, sesamoid bone

What is plantar flexion?

Movement at the ankle joint as the toes move down

What is a moveable/synovial joint?

A joins that allows free movement

What is articular cartilage?