Studied by 2 people
Insomnia
________ is defined by difficulties getting to sleep and /or staying asleep.
Nonusers
________ are healthier, earn more, and are more satisfied with their lives.
Hypnosis
________ is more successful at changing subjective experiences than it is at modifying behaviors like smoking.
Metacognitition
________: The conscious experience of thinking about your own thinking and performance.
Narcolepsy
________ and cataplexy (which are caused by a sudden shift to Stage 1 REM patterns during normal waking hours.
High doses
________ cause paranoia, hallucinations, and delusions.
Ernest Hilgard
________ (1904- 2001): created best- known state theory- Argued hypnosis caused a dissociative state or "split "in awareness.
Hidden observer
________: A detached part of the hypnotized persons awareness that silently watches events.
Overdose
________: loss of consciousness, severe depression of brain centers that control heartbeat and breathing.
Meditation
________: Mental exercise for producing relaxation or heightened awareness.
hyperactivity
Attention deficit /________ disorder (ADHD): A behavioral problem characterized by short attention span, restless movement, and impaired learning capacity.
Hypnotists
________ have individual focus attention on the ________ words asking them to relax, let go, and accept suggestions, and use their imagination.
High
________ does cause impaired breathing and death.
Hypnotizability
________: Ones capacity for becoming hypnotized.
Microsleep
________: A brief shift in brain- wave patterns to those of sleep.
disorientation
It causes ________, delusions, and hallucinations.
Mindful meditation
________: Mental exercise based on widening attention to become aware of everything experienced at any given moment.
Psychoactive drug
________: Any substance that can alter a persons state of consciousness.
Long term effects
________: shorter or no menstrual cycles and ovaluation, higher rate of miscarriages, harm to fetuses.
synthesis model
The activation- ________ portrays dreaming as a random physiological process.
Hallucinogen
________: A substance that alters or distorts sensory impressions.
Monitor
________ and evaluate your thought process, understanding, and performance across different situations.
Consciousness
________: An organisms awareness of its external environment and internal mental processes.
Withdrawal symptoms
________: headache, cramps, insomnia, cravings, sweating, irritability.
symbolic meaning
Latent content (of dreams): The hidden or ________ of a dream, as revealed by dream interruption and analysis.
synthesis hypothesis
Activation- ________ (Allan Hobson and Robert Mccarley): Proposition that dreams are how brains process the random electrical discharges of REM sleep.
Simulant
________ (upper): A substance that increases activity in the body and nervous system.
Nightmare
________: A bad dream that occurs during REM sleep.
Concentrative meditation
________: Mental exercise based on attending to a single subject or thought.
Substance
________ use an addictive disorder: Abuse of, or dependence on, a mood- or behavior- altering drug or equivalent.
Drug abuse
________ is most often associated with the last two recreational uses.
Electroencephalograph
________ (EEG): Device that records electrical activity in the brain.
body metabolism
Lowered ________ and brain activity during sleep may help conserve energy and lengthen life.
Cocaine a natural stimulant
________ extracted from cocoa.
Repair
________ /restorative theories of sleep: Proposals that lowering body and brain activity and metabolism during sleep may help conserve energy and lengthen life.
Somnambulists
________: People who sleepwalk; occurs during NREM sleep.
particular response
Stimulus control: Linking a(n) ________ with specific stimuli.
Heightens awareness
________ and produces relaxation by interrupting the typical flow of thoughts, worries, and analysis.
REM rebound
________: The occurrence of extra rapid eye movement sleep deprivation affects alcoholics giving them horrible nightmares.
Mantra
________: Focus of attention in concentrative meditation.
Biological rhythm
________: Any repeating cycle of biological activity, such as sleep and waking cycles or changes in body temperature.
Basic suggestion
________ effect: The tendency of hypnotized persons to carry out suggested actions as if they were involuntary.
Cultural norms
________ affect what ASCs a person recognizes, seeks, considers normal, and attains.
Psychodynamic theories
________: Any theory of behavior that emphasizes internal conflicts, motives, and unconscious forces.
ASCs
________ are especially associated with sleep and dreaming, hypnosis, meditation, and psychoactive drugs.
Anhedonia
________: An inability to feel pleasure.
Manifest content
________ (of dreams): The surface,"visible "content of a dream; dream images as the dreamer remembers them.
Alcohol myopia
________: Shortsighted thinking and perception that occurs during alcohol intoxication.
gradual reduction
Scheduled ________: Gradually stretching the length of time between cigarettes.
Symptoms
________: irritability, insomnia, racing heart, elevated body temperature, and high blood pressure.
Consciousness
An organisms awareness of its external environment and internal mental processes
Waking Consciousness
A state of clear, organized alertness
Disorder of consciousness
A condition of awareness that is atypical (e.g., coma; persistent vegetative state)
Persistent vegetative state
long-term waking state without any signs of awareness
Altered state of consciousness (ASC)
A condition of awareness distinctly different in quality or pattern from waking consciousness
Hypnosis
State of consciousness characterized by focused attention, reduced peripheral awareness, and heightened suggestibility
Hidden observer
A detached part of the hypnotized persons awareness that silently watches events
Basic suggestion effect
The tendency of hypnotized persons to carry out suggested actions as if they were involuntary
Hypnotizability
Ones capacity for becoming hypnotized
Meditation
Mental exercise for producing relaxation or heightened awareness
Mindful meditation
Mental exercise based on widening attention to become aware of everything experienced at any given moment
Concentrative meditation
Mental exercise based on attending to a single subject or thought
Mantra
Focus of attention in concentrative meditation
Relaxation response
The pattern of internal bodily changes that occurs at times of relaxation
Biological rhythm
Any repeating cycle of biological activity, such as sleep and waking cycles or changes in body temperature
Normal Sleep Time
7-8 hours
Short sleep times
5 hours or less
Longer sleep times
9 or more hours
Electroencephalograph (EEG)
Device that records electrical activity in the brain
Beta waves
Small, fast brain waves associated with being awake and alert
Alpha waves
Large, slow brain waves associated with relaxation and falling asleep
Sleep stages
Levels of sleep identified by brain-wave patterns and behavioral changes
Rapid eye movement (REMs)
Swift eye movement during sleep
REM sleep
Stage of sleep marked by rapid eye movements, high frequency brain waves, and dreaming
Non-REM(NREM) sleep
Non-rapid eye movement sleep characteristic of sleep Stages 1, 2, 3, and 4
Stage 1 (light sleep)
Marked by small, irregular brain waves and some alpha waves
Stage 2
Sleep deepens and body temperature drops, sleep spindles appear on EEG
Sleep spindles
Distinctive bursts of brain-wave activity that indicate a person is asleep
Stage 3
very larger and slow delta waves begin to appear
Delta waves
Large, slow brain waves that occur in deeper sleep (stages 3 and 4.)
Deep Sleep (Stage 4 sleep)
The deepest form of normal sleep is reached in about an hour
REM rebound
The occurrence of extra rapid eye movement sleep deprivation affects alcoholics giving them horrible nightmares
Repair/restorative theories of sleep
Proposals that lowering body and brain activity and metabolism during sleep may help conserve energy and lengthen life
Sleep deprivation
Being prevented from getting desired or needed amounts of sleep
Microsleep
A brief shift in brain-wave patterns to those of sleep
Sleep-deprivation psychosis
A major disruption of mental and emotional functioning brought about by sleep loss
Psychodynamic theories
Any theory of behavior that emphasizes internal conflicts, motives, and unconscious forces
Wish fulfillment
Freudian belief that many dreams express unconscious desires
Dream symbols
Images in dreams that serve as visible signs of hidden ideas, desires, impulses, emotions, relationships, and so forth
Manifest content (of dreams)
The surface, "visible" content of a dream; dream images as the dreamer remembers them
Latent content (of dreams)
The hidden or symbolic meaning of a dream, as revealed by dream interruption and analysis
Activation-synthesis hypothesis (Allan Hobson and Robert Mccarley)
Proposition that dreams are how brains process the random electrical discharges of REM sleep
Neurocognitive dream theory (William Domhoff)
Proposal that dreams reflect everyday waking thoughts and emotions
Sleep-wake disorders
Difficulties falling asleep, staying asleep, waking up, or any combination of these, such as insomnia
Insomnia
Difficulty in getting to sleep or staying asleep
Temporary Insomnia
Caused by stress and excitement
Drug-dependency Insomnia
Sleep loss caused by withdrawal from sleeping pills
Stimulus control
Linking a particular response with specific stimuli
Somnambulists
People who sleepwalk; occurs during NREM sleep
Nightmare
A bad dream that occurs during REM sleep
Note 
Flashcard (266)