Emergency Care and Transportation of the Sick and Injured: The Human Body

These flashcards cover key terminology and concepts from the Emergency Care and Transportation of the Sick and Injured textbook, focusing on anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology relevant to emergency medical services.

Anatomy

The study of the structure of the body and its parts.

Physiology

The study of the functions of the body and its parts.

Pathophysiology

The study of the functional changes that occur in the body as a result of a disease.

Topographic Anatomy

Anatomy that applies to the body in the anatomic position, referencing structures based on their location.

Coronal Plane

An imaginary plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.

Sagittal Plane

An imaginary plane that divides the body into left and right parts.

Midsagittal Plane

An imaginary plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves.

Transverse Plane

An imaginary plane that divides the body into superior and inferior parts.

Cells

The basic foundation of the human body, the smallest structural and functional unit.

Tissues

Groups of cells that share a common function.

Organs

Groups of tissues that perform specific functions.

Body Systems

Groups of organs that work together to perform complex functions.

Skeletal System

The body system that provides shape, support, and protection and is composed of bones.

Axial Skeleton

The part of the skeleton consisting of the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage.

Appendicular Skeleton

The part of the skeleton that includes the limbs and girdles (shoulder and pelvis).

Ball-and-Socket Joint

A joint that allows for rotational movement, examples include the shoulder and hip.

Hinge Joint

A joint that allows motion in one plane, restricting movement to flexion and extension.

Thoracic Cage

The structure formed by the ribs, thoracic vertebrae, and sternum, protecting the heart and lungs.

Pelvis

The structure composed of the coxae, sacrum, and coccyx, connecting the spine to the lower limbs.

Upper Extremities

The arms, including the shoulders, forearms, hands, and fingers.

Lower Extremities

The legs, including the thighs, knees, calves, ankles, and feet.

Musculoskeletal System

The system that provides form, movement, and protection for vital organs.

Diaphragm

The primary muscle of breathing that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities.

Exhalation

The process of breathing out, where the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax.

Inhalation

The process of breathing in, where the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract.

Ventilation

The movement of air into and out of the lungs.

Perfusion

The circulation of blood in an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet cellular needs.