Studied by 16 people
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What are some common sources of sea salts?
seafloor openings, rocks on land, etc
Bioprospecting
the search for plants and animals from which medicines and other valuable materials can be obtained
brackish
water that is in between salty and freshwater (can be stinky, etc)
buoy
a floating device anchored to the bottom
buoyancy
the tendency of an object to float in a fluid
Chronometer
an instrument to measure time with great accuracy
CTD
It stands for conductivity, temperature, and depth
Current
the continuous, predictable, directional movement of seawater driven by gravity, wind, and water density.
eDNA
nuclear/mitochondrial DNA that animals release into the environment (ex. hair, carcasses, etc)
Gyre
a circular or spiral motion
Halocline
an abrupt change in salinity that marks two different water layers
oceanography
the science of recording and describing the oceans content and processes
Pycnocline
a thermocline and halocline together creating a boundary between layers of different water density
Remote sensing
the process of detecting and monitoring the physical characteristics of an area by measuring its reflected and emitted radiation at a distance
Rogue Wave
unpredictable waves that are twice the size of surrounding waves
Salinity
the level of saline/dissolved salt content
Secchi disk
circular disk device used to measure water transparency/turbidity in bodies of water
Thermocline
transition between warm, low-density surface water and cool, high-density deep water
Thermohaline circulation tide
the part of the ocean circulation that is driven by density differences
upwelling
a process in which deep, cold water rises toward the surface
ecotourism
responsible travel to sustain the environment
SCUBA
self-contained underwater breathing apparatus
What was the focus during the Ancient Times?
food, discover, and trade
What was the focus during the Middle Ages?
little to no explorations and discoveries, but trade continued
What was the focus during the Renaissance period?
politics, religion, and exploration
What is the main focus today in marine biology?
technology (ex. satellites)
Ferdinand Magellan
A Portuguese explorer who was first to circumnavigate the world
James Cook
British explorer who utilized Harrisonâs chronometer & was first to have a naturalist on his crew
Harrison
invented the chronometer
Jacques Cousteau
French officer who developed the first SCUBA system
What is the average salinity of the ocean?
35â° (3.5%)
How much of the Earthâs surface is covered in water?
around 70%, making it Earthâs world ocean
Egyptians
earliest recorded sea voyage
Polynesians
earliest long distance open ocean travel beyond the sign of land
Ancient Greeks
determined latitude, predicted the Earth as a sphere, calculated the circumference, applied mathematics to navigation, created sophisticated maps, and had the first marine biologist, Aristotle
Chinese
invented magnetic compass, built ships with rudders and watertight compartments
Phoenicians
established the first trade routes (Mediterranean, red sea, black sea, etc)
Why does the ocean appear blue?
Water absorbs the light of various colors and reflects blue since it absorbs the blue light last (algae absorbs light too, etc)
What happens when you go deeper in the ocean?
Darker, sounds travel faster, colder waters, greater pressure
What is the average pH of the ocean?
8.0, but the pH changes with depth since the carbon dioxide varies with depth (due to lack of photosynthetic organisms)
Why is the ocean important?
Influences weather & climate, distribution of organism, marine resources
Bathyspheres
sealed spheres suspended by a cable
Bathyscaphes
untethered crafts that function like underwater blimps
ROV
unoccupied underwater robot that is connected to a ship by a series of cables (remotely-operated vehicles)
AUV
autonomous underwater vehicle; they are unmanned, untethered vehicles used to conduct underwater research
HOV
high-occupancy vehicle that carries a lot of people (ex. bus)
How does the density change when salinity and temperature change?
As salinity increases and temperature decreases, density increases
What are the primary causes of surface currents, gyres, tides and thermohaline circulation?
Prevailing winds and friction
What are some human-driven issues impacting the ocean?
Note
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