Marine Biology Unit 1 Vocabulary

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What are some common sources of sea salts?

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49 Terms

1

What are some common sources of sea salts?

seafloor openings, rocks on land, etc

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2

Bioprospecting

the search for plants and animals from which medicines and other valuable materials can be obtained

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3

brackish

water that is in between salty and freshwater (can be stinky, etc)

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4

buoy

a floating device anchored to the bottom

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5

buoyancy

the tendency of an object to float in a fluid

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6

Chronometer

an instrument to measure time with great accuracy

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7

CTD

It stands for conductivity, temperature, and depth

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8

Current

the continuous, predictable, directional movement of seawater driven by gravity, wind, and water density.

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9

eDNA

nuclear/mitochondrial DNA that animals release into the environment (ex. hair, carcasses, etc)

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10

Gyre

a circular or spiral motion

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11

Halocline

an abrupt change in salinity that marks two different water layers

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12

oceanography

the science of recording and describing the oceans content and processes

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13

Pycnocline

a thermocline and halocline together creating a boundary between layers of different water density

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14

Remote sensing

the process of detecting and monitoring the physical characteristics of an area by measuring its reflected and emitted radiation at a distance

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15

Rogue Wave

unpredictable waves that are twice the size of surrounding waves

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16

Salinity

the level of saline/dissolved salt content

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17

Secchi disk

circular disk device used to measure water transparency/turbidity in bodies of water

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18

Thermocline

transition between warm, low-density surface water and cool, high-density deep water

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19

Thermohaline circulation tide

the part of the ocean circulation that is driven by density differences

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20

upwelling

a process in which deep, cold water rises toward the surface

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21

ecotourism

responsible travel to sustain the environment

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22

SCUBA

self-contained underwater breathing apparatus

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23

What was the focus during the Ancient Times?

food, discover, and trade

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24

What was the focus during the Middle Ages?

little to no explorations and discoveries, but trade continued

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25

What was the focus during the Renaissance period?

politics, religion, and exploration

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26

What is the main focus today in marine biology?

technology (ex. satellites)

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27

Ferdinand Magellan

A Portuguese explorer who was first to circumnavigate the world

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28

James Cook

British explorer who utilized Harrison’s chronometer & was first to have a naturalist on his crew

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29

Harrison

invented the chronometer

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30

Jacques Cousteau

French officer who developed the first SCUBA system

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31

What is the average salinity of the ocean?

35‰ (3.5%)

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32

How much of the Earth’s surface is covered in water?

around 70%, making it Earth’s world ocean

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33

Egyptians

earliest recorded sea voyage

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34

Polynesians

earliest long distance open ocean travel beyond the sign of land

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35

Ancient Greeks

determined latitude, predicted the Earth as a sphere, calculated the circumference, applied mathematics to navigation, created sophisticated maps, and had the first marine biologist, Aristotle

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36

Chinese

invented magnetic compass, built ships with rudders and watertight compartments

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37

Phoenicians

established the first trade routes (Mediterranean, red sea, black sea, etc)

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38

Why does the ocean appear blue?

Water absorbs the light of various colors and reflects blue since it absorbs the blue light last (algae absorbs light too, etc)

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39

What happens when you go deeper in the ocean?

Darker, sounds travel faster, colder waters, greater pressure

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40

What is the average pH of the ocean?

8.0, but the pH changes with depth since the carbon dioxide varies with depth (due to lack of photosynthetic organisms)

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41

Why is the ocean important?

Influences weather & climate, distribution of organism, marine resources

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42

Bathyspheres

sealed spheres suspended by a cable

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43

Bathyscaphes

untethered crafts that function like underwater blimps

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44

ROV

unoccupied underwater robot that is connected to a ship by a series of cables (remotely-operated vehicles)

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45

AUV

autonomous underwater vehicle; they are unmanned, untethered vehicles used to conduct underwater research

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46

HOV

high-occupancy vehicle that carries a lot of people (ex. bus)

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47

How does the density change when salinity and temperature change?

As salinity increases and temperature decreases, density increases

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48

What are the primary causes of surface currents, gyres, tides and thermohaline circulation?

Prevailing winds and friction

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49

What are some human-driven issues impacting the ocean?

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