New Testament Exam 2

Ascension

Jesus left earth and went to heaven. He will one day physically return in the same manner that he left. 

Session

Jesus is seated as king at the right hand of his father, ruling over all of creation. 

Judaizers

 A group of false teachers that began harassing the Galatian church, claiming they were sent by James and the other apostles who taught a different gospel message than Paul. Taught that before becoming Christians, they need to become Jesus by receiving circumcision and by keeping kosher and the holiday laws. 

Jerusalem Council

showed that Peter, Paul, and James were unified about the gospel message. The council also reminds us that Jesus works in the church through the Spirit to lead us into all truth. 

Union with Christ

Through the gospel, believers become one with Christ. Two metaphors to describe this: husband/wife and head/body.

Original sin

Adam’s sin meant that all of us who are born from him are fallen.

Imputation

Transfer of sin or righteousness from the representative to those under him. 

Justification

to be declared righteous

Positional righteousness

God calls us good/righteous/holy even though we are still sinners because we are clothed in the righteousness of Christ.

actual righteousness

positional righteousness produces actual righteousness through the work of the holy spirit which sanctifies us (makes us holy).

Christian liberty

the idea that on matters of ethical indifference, Christians have freedom to follow their consciences.

Ecclesiology

 the doctrine of the church

Federal head

 Either Adam of Christ. All of humanity has it.

Sanctification

makes us holy

Gentile

A person who is not jewish/hebrew

What did Jesus say to Paul on the way to Damascus?

 “Saul, Saul, why are you persecuting me?”

Why did Paul write the letter to the church of Galatians?

The Judaizers taught that before Gentiles became Christians, they needed to become Jewish by receiving circumcision and by keeping kosher and holiday laws.

Who did the Judaizers claim to represent?

James

How many missionaries did Paul leave?

Three

Paul’s analogy of the fig tree in Romans 11

 The Jews and the Gentiles come from different roots, but the branches of the unbelieving Israelites will be replaced with the believing, grafted “wild branches” who were born as Gentiles. 

Abraham in Romans 4

Abraham was counted righteous by faith, prior to circumcision and the giving of the law. God has promised that Abraham would be the father of many nations. If Gentiles could not be saved as Gentiles, this could not be true. 

As the head and body are one. Jesus and the church are one. The head has authority over the body, and Jesus has authority over the church.

head/body analogy

Husband/wife analogy

The husband belongs to the wife, and the wife belongs to the husband. God was like a husband to Israel since they were in a covenant with one another.

Romans 3 part outline

 Romans 12-16, 1-8, then 9-11

How did the holy spirit appear with the pentecost?

 a sound from heaven like a mighty rushing wind, and it filled the entire house where they were sitting. And divided tongues as of fire appeared to them and rested on each one of them

What gift were the apostles given in the pentecost?

The ability to speak tongues

What does the pentecost commemorate

The descent of the holy spirit on the apostles and followers of Jesus.

The pentecost is how many days after the passover?

50

What are the old testament lenses through which we should view the pentecost?

Sinai, new covenant, the tower of Babylon, and the beginning of the last days.

Shreiner’s forensic righteousness

 righteousness is an entirely forensic (legal) declaration given by God, rather than a transformative process.

Being declared righteous vs. being made righteous

being declared righteous is a one time thing. Being made righteous is an ongoing process where the holy spirit transforms the believer.