Unit 3 - Nervous Pt 3

These flashcards cover key concepts about synaptic transmission, the divisions of the nervous system, and evolutionary adaptations in nervous system structure.

What does the somatic nervous system control?

The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements via motor neurons that carry signals to skeletal muscles.

What is a key difference in the pathway of the autonomic nervous system compared to the somatic nervous system?

The autonomic nervous system uses a two-neuron pathway involving preganglionic and postganglionic neurons.

What neurotransmitter is associated with the sympathetic division's postganglionic fibers?

Norepinephrine is associated with the sympathetic division's postganglionic fibers.

How do the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions differ in their effects on digestion?

The sympathetic division inhibits digestion, while the parasympathetic division stimulates digestion.

What is the primary function of the autonomic nervous system?

To regulate and coordinate the majority of organ systems and maintain body homeostasis.

What is the concept of cephalization in nervous system evolution?

Cephalization is the concentration of neurons and ganglia in a 'head' region, reflecting adaptation and complexity in animal evolution.

How does the mammalian nervous system increase its processing capability?

The mammalian nervous system increases surface area through folding, which accommodates more neurons and synapses.

What are the two divisions of the vertebrate peripheral nervous system?

somatic and autonomic

What is the evolutionary characteristics of sponges in relation to the nervous system?

Lack a true nervous system and do not have neurons; instead, they possess a simple array of cells that can respond to stimuli.

What is the function of ganglia in some arthropods?

Ganglia in some arthropods serve as clusters of nerve cells that process information and coordinate movements, acting as local brain centers for processing sensory input and generating motor output.