APUSH Period 4 Vocab

APUSH AP us history period 4 vocabulary

Election of 1800 (Revolution of 1800)

A change in political power from the Federalists to the Democratic-Republicans, marked by the election of Thomas Jefferson after a long and contentious voting process.

Louisiana Purchase

The purchase of the territory known as Louisiana from France, nearly doubling the size of the United States and expanding its authority.

Marbury v. Madison

A Supreme Court case establishing judicial review, allowing American courts to reject laws deemed unconstitutional.

Embargo Act of 1807/Non-Intercourse Act

An act prohibiting U.S. trade with foreign countries to assert American sovereignty, resulting in significant political tension.

Nullification Crisis/Force Bill

A confrontation between Nouth Carolina and the federal government over tariff enforcement, leading to a bill that allowed federal force to uphold tariffs.

War Hawks

A group of Congress members who pushed for war against Britain in 1812, primarily from Southern and Western states.

Hartford Convention

Meeting of New England Federalists in opposition to the War of 1812, discussing grievances and potential redress.

Treaty of Ghent

The treaty signed in 1814 that ended the War of 1812, resolving disputes without addressing war causes.

John Marshall

Fourth Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, known for establishing the judiciary as an equal branch of government.

Monroe Doctrine

A policy stating that European powers were no longer welcome to colonize or interfere in the Western Hemisphere.

Impressment

The forced service of individuals into military service, notably by the British navy, leading to tensions between the U.S. and Britain.

Manifest Destiny

The belief that the U.S. was destined to expand westward, justifying territorial annexation and influencing U.S. foreign policy.

Texas (Annexation)

The incorporation of Texas into the U.S. after its revolution from Mexico, leading to significant political and territorial disputes.

Oregon Territory

Territory settled by both the U.S. and England until the Treaty of 1846 established a clear division.

Mexican War/Mexican Cession/Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo

War resulting from U.S. expansionist policies, leading to significant land cessions in favor of the U.S.

Republican Motherhood

An ideology emphasizing women's roles in educating their children to be good citizens, reflecting early American values.

Andrew Jackson

The 7th president of the U.S., known for his populist policies and controversial decisions including the Indian Removal Act.

Era of Good Feelings

A period during Monroe's presidency characterized by national unity and the dominance of the Democratic-Republican Party.

American System (Internal Improvements)

A plan to promote economic growth through infrastructure improvements such as roads and canals.

Tariff of 1816

A 25% tax on imported goods aimed at promoting American industry.

Adams-Onis Treaty

Political agreement resolving territorial disputes between the U.S. and Spain, resulting in the acquisition of Florida.

Missouri Compromise/Tallmadge Amendment

Legislation aimed at maintaining the balance between slave and free states while addressing slavery in the territories.

Gibbons v. Ogden

Supreme Court decision reinforcing federal authority over interstate commerce.

Election of 1824 (Corrupt Bargain)

Presidential election where John Quincy Adams won through congressional influence, leading to accusations of a corrupt bargain.

Whigs (National Republicans)

A political party formed in the early 1800s that supported economic growth through government investment and infrastructure.

Democrats

Political party advocating for individual rights and state sovereignty, emerging from the Democratic-Republicans.

Spoils System

Practice of rewarding political supporters with government positions, leading to inefficiencies.

Indian Removal Policy/Trail of Tears

Legislative acts forcibly relocating Native Americans, resulting in significant loss of life and culture.

'Kitchen' Cabinet

Informal advisors to President Andrew Jackson, reflecting his unique approach to governance.

Specie Circular

Executive order mandating land purchases be made in gold or silver, contributing to an economic downturn.

Panic of 1837

Financial crisis caused by multiple factors including the Specie Circular and declining cotton prices.

John C. Calhoun

Seventh Vice President, a staunch defender of Southern interests and slavery.

Compromise Tariff of 1833

Tariff aimed at easing tensions with South Carolina over high tariff rates.

Pet Banks

State banks that received deposits from the federal government, favored by Andrew Jackson over the national bank.

William Lloyd Garrison

A prominent abolitionist and founder of the American Anti-Slavery Society, known for his strong anti-slavery stance. Started The Abolitionist, an anti-slavery newspaper.

Sojourner Truth

An African American abolitionist and women's rights activist, known for her speeches advocating for equality.

Frederick Douglass

Influential abolitionist and author who escaped slavery and worked tirelessly for social reform.

William Henry Harrison

Ninth President known for his short term and affiliation with the Whig Party.

James K. Polk

Eleventh President, notable for his role in westward expansion and the Mexican-American War.

Worcester v. Georgia

Supreme Court case affirming federal authority over state laws regarding Native American lands.

Second Great Awakening

Religious revival that increased church membership and inspired numerous social movements.

Temperance

Movement aimed at resisting alcohol consumption, contributing to women's rights advocacy.

Seneca Falls Convention/Declaration of Sentiments

Historic gathering calling for equal rights for women, laying foundation for the women's rights movement.

Know-Nothings

Anti-immigrant political party that emerged in response to growing immigration during the 1840s.