Exam review flashcards from lecture notes

These flashcards cover the key concepts discussed in the lecture, including atomic structure, chemical bonds, properties of water, organic molecules, and acid-base balance.

What are the subatomic particles that make up an atom?

Protons, electrons, and neutrons

Where are protons and neutrons located within an atom?

In the nucleus

Where are electrons located in an atom ?

Orbit around the nucleus

Do electrons flow on the X, Y, or Z axis?

It depends on how many electrons it has.

How many electrons can each orbit have?

Each orbit has a set number of electrons.

What makes up the nucleus?

Protons and neutrons

How are elements arranged on the periodic table?

Atomic number

What does the atomic number represent?

The number of protons an atom has

What can you conclude when looking at the atomic number of elements}

Each element has its own specific number of protons.

What makes up the atomic mass?

Protons and neutrons

What determines the size or volume an atom occupies in space?

Number of electrons

Where is the weight of the atom concentrated?

The nucleus or atomic mass."

Why are electrons important?

They determine how atoms interact with each other.

Where is most of the energy in an atom located?

The nucleus

What kind of explosion occurs if the nucleus of certain atoms (e.g., uranium) is split open?

Nuclear

What is the difference between an atomic bomb and a hydrogen bomb?

Atomic bomb joins two hydrogens together, hydrogen bomb splits atoms

How can nuclear energy be used for good purposes?

To generate electricity and heating for homes

What is the negative aspect of nuclear energy?

Radiation leakage

What is released by decay?

Radiation

What are the potential health effects of radiation exposure?

Cancer and radiation poisoning

How are radioisotopes used to benefit humanity?

Chemotherapy and radiation therapy

What happens to you when exposed to radioactivity?

Cancer

What are ions?

Charged atoms

What does an atom want to remain to be stable and happy?

It wants its last orbit to be full

What are the charges of Sodium and Chloride ions?

Sodium: +1, Chloride ions: -1

Why is it called ionic bond?

It deals with ions

What is it dealing with ions?

Atoms with a charge

What is the name of the bond forms between positive and negative atom?

Ionic bond

What do you get when combining Na+ and Cl- ions?

Sodium chloride (table salt)

How is electron shared in a covalent bond?

Atoms share electrons.

What happens with electrons in nonpolar covalent bond?

Share equally

What happens with polar covalent bond?

Do not share equally

What are example hydrogens in hydrogen bonding?

Each has one electron in orbit. They bond together.

How is Hydrogen written chemicaly in molecular cases?

H2

What does it mean to have double bond for oxygen?

O=O

Define electronegativity

The pulling of an electron

What is a Hydrogen bond?

Hydrogen of one and the electronegative atom of the other.

What is a hydrogen bond between?

Two polar covalent bond molecules.

How can you feel a hydrogen bond?

You can land flat on the water. There is surface with tension.

How does water travel up from stem to the tree?

One water molecule pulls the other behind it through hydrogen bonding.

What's the difference between organic chemistry and inorganic chemistry?

One deals with carbon

Organic chemistry deals with what?

Organic molecules

What is synthesis reaction?

Small to large

What is hydrolysis reaction?

Large to Small.

What are the functional molecules of an organic molecule?

Amino, Carboxyl, phosphate

What happens to glucose when smoking weed?

Small molecules joined together to make a larger one.

what is the action of a functional group in hooking molecules?

It allows it to hook and interact with other molecules.

what is the ratio of carbohydrate?

1:2:1

What are disaccharides?

Two sugars two of the disacchrides

Why is Lactose a disaccharide problem in hydrolysis reaction?

Small intestine lacks the disaccharide hydrolase.

What does Lactose disaccharide do to the intestine?

It makes gas in you.

What controls all the chemical reaction on the Body?

Enzymes

What is it when three of the monosaccharides combine?

Lactose, Maltose, and others.

What does the poly saccharide have?

More than three.

What is the glycerol makeup?

A three carbon glycerol with hydroxyls.

When checking the food ingredients, where should triglyceride be?

Low

what to so you when there is trans fats on triglycerides or something else?

Run.

What is the affect on losing body fats for female athletics?

It makes you skip your period.

What is phospholipids used for?

Cell Membrane

what is it called when something attracts water?

hydrophilic

What doe acidic base give to the enzymes to work with?

The enivornment.

what changes after changing PH level in you?

It changes.

What happen to you when the water that you drank is polluted?

Yes. Acidois and alcalodic acid.

What is the optimal ph levle of the chemical?

7

How is the body ph?

Scale of power.

What are the PH's power?

Power of h

What do you need to PH balance in h level?

Concentration