APUSH Period 2 - Heimler's History

Flashcards for AP US History Unit 2 review, covering European colonization in the Americas from 1607 to 1754.

What were the major themes of APUSH Unit 2?

Comparing the different motives and methods that Europeans used to colonize the Americas.

What was the primary economic motivation for Spain's colonization in the Americas?

Extracting wealth in the form of cash crops and precious metals (gold and silver), along with subjugating the native population.

How did French colonial policies differ from Spanish colonial policies?

The French were more interested in trade (especially fish and fur) than conquest, and they established trading settlements rather than large-scale colonies.

How did some French traders advance their economic goals in the Americas?

By marrying American Indian women to foster kinship ties with native trading partners.

What were the primary economic goals of the Dutch in colonizing the Americas?

Economic gain through fur trading and establishing trade hubs like New Amsterdam.

What factors motivated the British to colonize the Americas?

Economic opportunities due to inflation and the enclosure movement, religious freedom, and improved living conditions.

How was the Jamestown colony financed?

By a joint-stock company, which allowed investors to pool money and collect profits.

What crop led to a complete reversal of fortunes for the Jamestown colony?

Tobacco, cultivated by John Rolfe.

What was the major labor system in the Chesapeake colonies?

Indentured servitude, where people worked for a period of time in exchange for passage to the New World.

What was Bacon's Rebellion and what was its impact?

A rebellion of poor farmers and indentured servants led by Nathaniel Bacon against the Indians and Governor Berkeley, which led to a shift from indentured servitude to African slavery.

What was the primary goal of the New England colonies?

Establishing a society based on Christian religion and creating family economies centered on farming.

What crop led to the increase demand for African slaves in the British West Indies?

Sugar cane.

How was Pennsylvania founded, and what principles was it founded on?

Founded by William Penn on the principles of religious freedom and fair negotiation with Native Americans for land.

What were some examples of self-governing structures established in the colonies?

The Mayflower Compact and the House of Burgesses.

What was the triangular trade?

A three-part trade route where merchant ships carried rum from New England to West Africa, traded it for enslaved people, transported slaves to the West Indies for sugar cane, and then brought the sugar cane back to New England.

What is mercantilism?

An economic system where wealth is measured by gold and silver, and each state's goal is to maintain a favorable balance of trade (more exports than imports).

What were the Navigation Acts?

British laws requiring merchants to trade with English colonies on English ships, and for certain valuable trade items to pass through British ports.

How was slavery changed into a perpetual institution?

By turning it into a chattel and handing it down from one generation to the next.

What was the stono rebellion?

A slave rebellion in South Carolina in 1739 where enslaved people stole weapons, killed store owners, and marched towards freedom before being stopped by the militia.

What was Metacom's War?

Also called King Philip's War. Metacom, the chief of the Indians, lead attacks against White settlements because the British's encroachment on their ancestral lands would destroy their way of life.

What was the Enlightenment?

A movement in Europe emphasizing rational thinking over tradition and religious revelation.

What are natural rights?

Inborn rights given to people by a creator and not by a government.

What was the social contract?

The idea that people were in a contract with their government. Since the power to govern is in the people's hands, their job was to take some of that power and deliver it to the government, and in exchange, the government's job was then to protect the natural rights of the people.

What was the Great Awakening?

A massive religious revival that swept through all the colonies and generated intense Christian enthusiasm.

What was the impressment?

The act of seizing colonial men and then forcing them to serve in the Royal Navy.