Cell Bio Lecture 3

do prokaryotes have organelles

no

cytosol definition

fluid around organelles

cytoplasm definition

all liquid and organelles

upside to having compartments

separate chemical reactions can occur in close proximity

ten organelles

ER, ERGIC, golgi apparatus, trans golgi network, plasma membrane, endo lysosomal system, nucleus, mitochondria, lipid droplets, peroxisomes

ER stands for

endoplasmic reticulum

ERGIC stands for

ER golgi intermediate compartment

use of micrivilli in animal cells

probe environment

things plant cells have that animal cells do not

cell wall, plasmodesmata, chloroplasts, vacuoles

organelles with a single bilayer

ER, ERGIC, golgi, TGN, plasma membrane, lysosome, peroxisome

organelles with two bilayers

mitochondria, nucleus, chloroplasts

organelles with a monolayer

lipid droplets

origin of the ER

infolding of plasma membrane

origin or organelles like mitochondria

engulfed prokaryotes

the cell makes more what during division

organelles

percentage of membrane taken up by ER

50-60

ATP is made in…

inner mitochondrial membrane

percentage of cell membrane taken up by inner and outer mitochondrial membrane

40

mitochondria takes up how much cell volume

20 percent

organelle that makes up most membrane space

ER

organelle that takes up most volume

mitochondria

number of ribosomes in rough ER

about 10 million

location of rough ER

near nuclear envelope

use of rough ER

where proteins are made and folded

where does protein quality control occur

rough ER

where do post translational modifications occur

rough ER

where disulfide bonds form

rough ER

what kind of synthesis occurs in smooth ER

lipid, steroid hormones

where does cellular detox occur

smooth ER

when calcium is stored in a cell, where is it?

smooth ER

use of ERGIC

sorts, determines what goes back to the ER and what continues

face of golgi that faces ER

cis

face of golgi that faces plasma membrane

trans

what kind of synthesis occurs in golgi

lipid

what is remodeled in golgi

n glycans

what is added in golgi

o glycans

in the trans golgi network, everything…

has been made

width of plasma membrane

very thin

feature on plasma membrane that allows the cell to probe its environment

microvilli

percent proteins in plasma membrane

50

what is the glycocalyx

“lawn” covering plasma membrane

how does the plasma membrane protect the cell

physical and selective barrier

the plasma membrane helps with communication during…

cell signaling

what is the fluid mosaic model

the plasma membrane is dynamic

three things done by Endo lysosomal system

endocytosis, phagocytosis, and autophagy

what is the nucleolus

membrane less compartment in nucleus

what is made in the nucleolus

ribosomes

the nucleus has an inner and outer…

bilayer

the nuclear envelope is continuous with…

the ER

what is a nuclear pore

pores in membrane of nucleus

what can cross a nuclear pore

things with correct molecular ‘ticket’

what is kept in nucleus

DNA

mitochondria have an inner and outer…

membrane

what occurs in the matrix granules of mitochondria

reactions occur

what is produced in mitochondria

ATP

DNA in mitochondria is what shape

circular

does the mitochondria have DNA

yes

lipid droplets are…

energy storage

peroxisomes membrane is

lipid bilayer

peroxisomes core

crystalline

peroxisomes use

detoxification and catabolism

what is different about peroxisome cataboslims

breaks down ‘difficult’ molecules

increase in complexity correlates with…

diversification of cell function

each organelle has a specific set of…

proteins and lipids

definition of lumen

inside

the lumen of the ER is…

topologically equivalent to the cell exterior

what is stochastic inheritance in cell division

cell increases amount of organelles before splitting

what is ordered inheritance in cell division

organelle is split in two

which organelles undergo stochastic inheritence

mitochondria, ER, golgi

which organelles undergo ordered inheritence

nucleus

the ER is what kind of pathway

secretory

ERGIC is adjacent to…

ER exit site

where does lipidation of proteins occur

golgi

golgi enzymes are…

transmembrane proteins

what is the perinuclear region of golgi

adjacent to nucleus

cisternae

disk like sections of golgi

series of cisternae form…

golgi stack

each cisternae has a unique…

biochemical composition and function

what buds off of trans golgi network

transmembrane proteins, soluble lysosomal hydrolases, clathrin coated vesicles

what is a protein complex and where is it located

dense core of secretory granules, trans golgi network

what is sorting dependent on in trans golgi network

calcium

what is endocytosis

regions of plasma membrane cave in, coated vesicles pinch off

what is phagocytosis

uptake of large insoluble extracellular material

what is autophagy

ER engulfs damamged organelles

what are lysosmes

low pH compartments that contain enzymes to degrade polymers

direction of endocytic pathway is…

opposite of secretory pathway

endo lysosomal system sorts…

transmembrane proteins, receptors, and ligands

what controls dynamic conversion and destination of endosomal structures

small GTPases and effector proteins

what system involves degradation in lysosome

endo lysosomal system

what system invovles transport to trans golgi network

endo lysosomal system

what system involves recycling of membrane proteins to plasma membrane

endo lysosomal network

in endo lysosomal network, conversions coincide with…

increasing acidification

Endo lysosomal system participates in what other system

Immune response

Nucleus stores…

DNA

What type of cell has a nucleus

Eukaryotic

What does the nucleus separate

Transcription and translation

The nucleus is continuous with…

The ER

Nuclear pore complexes provide…

gated access to nucleus

What is the nucleoplasm

Lumen of the nucleus

What is lamin

Structural network of intermediate filament proteins that reinforces inner membrane of nucleus