A&PII Ch 23 LRQ: The Digestive System (FINAL)

Pepsin enzymatically digest _____.

a. proteins

b. fat

c. carbohydrate

d. nucleic acids

a

The ligament anchoring the tooth in the alveoli is the _____.

a. ligamentum teres

b. pericardial ligament

c. periodontal ligament

d. cementum

c

Parasympathetic impulses stimulate secretion and motility.

a. True

b. False

a

The _____ layer is responsible for segmentation and peristalsis.

a. muscularis externa

b. submucosa

c. serosa

d. mucosa

e. adventitia

a

Which of the following describes the submucosa layer?

a. responsible for segmentation and peristalsis

b. main site of nutrient absorption

c. protective outermost layer of the alimentary canal

d. moderately dense connective tissue that has a rich supply of blood, lymphatic vessels, & nerve fibers

d

What is the path of absorption for sodium?

a. Sodium is co-transported with amino acid & glucose

b. Sodium moves with vitamin B

c. Sodium is not able to be absorbed

d. Sodium is co-transported with proteins only

e. Sodium moves in the same direction as potassium

a

Starch begins its breakdown in the _____.

a. stomach

b. liver

c. mouth

d. kidney

c

Hepatocytes are cells of the _____.

a. liver

b. kidney

c. esophagus

d. small intestine

e. stomach

a

Haustra contractions occur in the small intestines.

a. True

b. False

b

A chylomicron is formed _____.

a. the combining of the lipid with the protein in the epithelial cell

b. by the lipid moving to the liver

c. by the lecithin combining with the micelle

d. the micelle combing with the lacteal

e. the contractions of the small intestines

a

Peristalsis is a voluntary action.

a. True

b. False

b

The primary goal of the digestive tract regulatory mechanism is to optimize nutrient breakdown and absorption.

a. True

b. False

a

Choose the answer that describes where the word below can be found: LIPASES

a. small intestines

b. stomach

c. pancreas

d. liver

e. large intestines

c

Bacterial flora in the large intestine does not produce _____.

a. vitamin K

b. CO2

c. B vitamins

d. intrinsic factor

d

Bile goes from the right and left hepatic duct directly into the _____ and cystic duct.

a. common bile duct

b. hepatopancreatic ampulla

c. bile canaliculi

d. common hepatic duct

d

Secretin is produced in the _____ of the small intestines.

a. duodenum

b. ileum

c. cardiac region

d. pyloric region

e. jejunum

a

Which of the following is true about Vitamin K?

a. It binds with B12

b. It is synthesized from Vitamin B

c. Vitamin K is made from bacteria flora of the large intestines in the large intestines

d. Vitamin K makes Vitamin B

e. It is synthesized by bacteria flora in the small intestines

c

Which of the following describes the role of CCK?

a. inhibition of HCl production

b. cause pancreas and gallbladder to release their enzymes

c. stimulate mass movements in the large intestines

d. inhibition of gastric gland secretions

b

What papilla forms the V-shaped row in the back of the tongue?

a. filiform papillae

b. uvula

c. fungiform

d. circumvallate

e. foliate

d

The digestion of carbohydrates begin in the _____ and is completed in the _____.

a. small intestine; mouth

b. mouth; large intestine

c. stomach; mouth

d. mouth; stomach

e. mouth; small intestine

e

The serous membrane that covers the external surface of most digestive organs is called the _____.

a. parietal peritoneum

b. visceral peritoneum

c. omentum

d. mesentery

b

Which of the following is considered a salivary gland?

a. thyroid gland

b. adrenal gland

c. thymus gland

d. parotid gland

d

Which is considered a function of gastrin?

a. inhibit HCl production

b. stimulate insulin release

c. contract the ileocecal valve

d. stimulate mass movements in the large intestines

e. cause pancreas to release pancreatic juice

d

All teeth erupt by the end of adolescence.

a. True

b. False

b

The epiglottis closes off the _____ during swallowing.

a. pharynx

b. esophagus

c. trachea

d. nose

c

The "brain" of the gut is the _____. It initiates short reflexes in response to stimuli of the GI tract.

a. brachial plexus

b. central nervous system

c. coronary system

d. myenteric nerve plexus

e. autonomic nervous system

d

Nucleic acids are absorbed by _____.

a. the movement of sodium

b. active transport

c. moving from high concentration to low concentration

d. simple diffusion

b

Choose the answer that describes where the word below can be found: KUPFFER CELLS

a. stomach

b. pancreas

c. large intestines

d. small intestines

e. liver

e

_____ Circulation collects nutrient-rich blood from the GI tract and delivers it to the liver.

a. Peritoneal

b. Splanchnic

c. Hepatic Portal

d. Cardiac

c

Which of the following is true about Vitamin K?

a. It binds with B12

b. Vitamin K is made from bacteria

c. It is synthesized from Vitamin B

d. Vitamin K makes Vitamin B

e. It is synthesized in the small intestine

b

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the liver?

a. It stores glucose

b. It is highly regenerative

c. It has 3 lobes

d. It has a role in detoxifying the blood

c

Intrinsic factor allows for the absorption of _____.

a. Vitamin C

b. fats

c. Vitamin A

d. Vitamin K

e. Vitamin B12

e

The movement or absorption of potassium is due to _____.

a. the movement of sodium

b. active transport

c. water pressure gradients

d. the movement of calcium

e. all other choices are correct

c

Which is considered a function of mesentery? (select all that apply)

a. route for blood vessels

b. lines cavities

c. blocks trachea during swallowing

d. hold organs in place

e. route for lymphatics

a, d, e

The largest gland in the body is the _____.

a. thyroid gland

b. stomach

c. thymus gland

d. adrenal gland

e. liver

e

The orbicularis muscles form the _____.

a. hard palate

b. teeth

c. lips

d. cheeks

e. gums

c

Choose the answer that describes where the word below can be found: SIGMOID COLON

a. small intestines

b. liver

c. stomach

d. pancreas

e. large intestines

e

The last part of the stomach is the _____ region.

a. bile duct

b. fundus

c. body

d. pyloric

e. cardia

d

The gallbladder _____.

a. produces bile

b. secretes gastrin

c. store and concentrates bile

d. produce pepsin

e. routes bile to the pancreas

c

Select the accessory organ(s) of the digestive system. (select all that apply)

a. salivary glands

b. teeth

c. intestines

d. tongue

a, b, d

Gastrin, enzymes, and HCl are released when food enters the stomach during the _____.

a. cephalic phase

b. intestinal phase

c. pharyngeal phase

d. buccal phase

e. gastric phase

e

Which of the following is a part of the composition of saliva? (select all that apply)

a. water

b. chyme

c. mucin

d. HCl

e. pepsin

f. defensins

a, c, f

_____ neutralizes the acidic chyme moving in from the stomach.

a. Areolar connective tissue

b. Defensins

c. Duodenal glands

d. Peyer's patches

e. Circular folds

c

What is the proper order of the digestive processes in the mouth?

I. Chemical digestion

II. Propulsion

III. Ingestion

IV. Mechanical digestion

a. IV, III, II, I

b. III, II, IV, I

c. IV, I, III, II

d. III, IV, I, II

e. I, II, III, IV

d

Fats are carried directly back into the circulation by _____.

a. the micelle

b. brush border enzymes

c. entering lacteals

d. the liver

e. flowing with bile movement

c

Most water is absorbed in the _____.

a. stomach

b. large intestines

c. small intestines

d. mouth

e. water is not absorbed

c

Select the choices that pass through the pharynx. (select all that apply)

a. fluid

b. food

c. air

a, b, c

Which of the following is considered a salivary gland (select all that apply):

a. submandibular gland

b. thyroid gland

c. parotid gland

d. thymus gland

e. adrenal gland

a, c

Chief cells secrete _____.

a. lipase

b. nucleases

c. pepsin

d. CCK

c

Choose the answer that describes where the word below can be found: FUNDUS

a. liver

b. stomach

c. pancreas

d. small intestines

e. large intestines

b

When full, the stomach can hold about 4,000 ml (1 gallon) of food due to mucosal _____.

a. rugae

b. mucous neck cells

c. paracrines

d. gastric pits

e. chief cells

a

Choose the answer that describes where the word below can be found: FALCIFORM LIGAMENT

a. pancreas

b. large intestines

c. stomach

d. liver

e. small intestines

d

Pepsinogen must combine with _____ in order to form pepsin.

a. HCl

b. histamine

c. lipase

d. mucus

e. cytokine

a

Brush border enzymes are found in the _____.

a. liver

b. mouth

c. small intestines

d. pancreas

e. large intestines

c

_____ of the submucosa, protects the distal part of the small intestines from bacteria.

a. Neck Cells

b. Peyer's Patch

c. Bile

d. Paneth Cells

e. Lacteals

b

Choose the answer that describes where the word below can be found: TENIAE COLI

a. large intestines

b. pancreas

c. liver

d. small intestines

e. stomach

a

From the mouth, food passes directly to the laryngopharynx then the oropharynx.

a. True

b. False

b

Which of the following is a function of the salivary glands?

a. breakdown bacteria

b. absorption

c. cleanse the mouth

d. produce bile

e. breakdown proteins

c

Digestion of carbohydrates and proteins by brush border enzymes occurs within the _____ of the small intestine.

a. goblet cells

b. circular folds

c. microvilli

d. villi

c

The stomach is protected from its acidic environment by _____. (select all that apply)

a. tight junction between cells

b. a mucosal barrier

c. drinking water

d. 3-6 day replacement of cells

e. the formation of an ulcer

f. 3 month replacement of cells

a, b, d

Which is/are considered function(s) of the mesentery? (select all that apply)

a. absorption

b. route for lymphatics

c. synthesize vitamins

d. defecation

e. hold organs in place

f. route for blood vessels

b, e, f

The _____ is the first segment of the small intestine.

a. colon

b. duodenum

c. jejunum

d. ileum

b

Iron & calcium are absorbed _____.

a. in the duodenum of the small intestines

b. in the duodenum of the large intestines

c. in the jejunum

d. in the stomach

e. in the mouth

a

Which is considered a part of the large intestine?

a. ascending colon

b. ileum

c. pyloric region

d. duodenum

e. jejunum

a

Pancreatic lipase aids in the digestion of _____.

a. minerals

b. carbohydrates

c. water soluble vitamins

d. proteins

e. fats

e

Which is considered a part of the large intestines? (select all that apply)

a. hepatic flexture

b. ascending colon

c. duodenum

d. pyloric region

e. jejunum

a, b

Select the choices that regulate calcium absorption. (select all that apply)

a. red blood cells

b. parathyroid gland

c. the thymus gland

d. Vitamin D absorption

b, d

Jaundice is:

a. blockage that traps infectious bacteria in its lumen; rupture leads to peritonitis

b. caused from gallstones blocking the flow of bile from the gallbladder

c. small herniations of the mucosa through the colon walls

d. persistent damage to the underlying tissues of the stomach leading to erosion of the stomach wall

e. yellow bile pigment accumulating in the blood, eventually deposits in the skin causing a yellow pigment to skin

e

The _____ of the soft palate lifts to close off the nose during deglutition.

a. uvula

b. epiglottis

c. tongue

d. palatine tonsils

e. glottis

a

Acini cells are the cells of the pancreas.

a. True

b. False

a

Voluntary contraction of the tongue describes the _____ in deglutition.

a. cephalic phase

b. gastric phase

c. intestinal phase

d. buccal phase

d

Sympathetic impulses stimulate secretion and motility.

a. True

b. False

b

The stomach completely empties after about _____.

a. 4 days

b. 4 hours

c. 2 hours

d. 3 minutes

e. 30 minutes

b

Select the vessels that make up the triad at the perimeter of the hepatocyte. (select all that apply)

a. common hepatic duct

b. bile canaliculi

c. bile duct

d. portal hepatic vein

e. pancreatic duct

f. hepatic artery

c, d, f

Choose the answer that describes where the word below can be found: EPIPLOIC APPENDAGES

a. large intestines

b. small intestines

c. liver

d. stomach

e. mouth

a

_____ is not found in pancreatic secretions.

a. Cholecystokinin (CCK)

b. Procarboxypeptidase

c. Chymotrypsinogen

d. Bicarbonate

a

_____ force chyme to spiral and slow down its flow.

a. Circular folds

b. Villi

c. Brush border

d. Microvilli

a

The _____ is the exposed part above the gums.

a. root

b. crown

c. gingiva

d. dentin

e. periodontal

b

Which is considered a function of the digestive system? (select all that apply)

a. allow for inspiration and expiration

b. breaks food down into nutrient molecules

c. rid the body of the indigestible remains

d. take in food

e. produce blood cells

f. absorbs the molecules in the bloodstream

b, c, d, f

Fats combine with _____ in bile to form the micelle.

a. lacteals

b. lecithin

c. chylomicron

d. villi

b

Choose the answer that describes where the word below can be found: LACTEALS

a. small intestines

b. large intestines

c. stomach

d. liver

e. pancreas

a

What vessel supplies the small intestines?

a. Subclavian

b. Superior Mesenteric

c. Axillary

d. Brachial

b

Pancreatic lipase aids in the digestion of:

a. minerals

b. vitamins

c. lipids

d. carbohydrates

e. proteins

c

Food moves from the laryngopharynx directly into the _____.

a. oropharynx

b. stomach

c. esophagus

d. small intestine

c

Which of the following is not a function of the stomach?

a. chemical digestion of carbohydrates

b. absorption of a few fat-soluble substances

c. mechanical breakdown of the bolus into chyme

d. temporary holding area for food until it can be moved to the duodenum

a

Which set of tongue papillae responds to sweet and sour taste?

a. filiform

b. foliate

c. circumvallate

d. fungiform

d

Choose the answer that describes where the word below can be found: CAUDATE LOBE

a. pancreas

b. stomach

c. liver

d. small intestines

e. large intestines

c

The last part of the large intestine is _____.

a. sigmoid colon

b. rectum

c. ileum

d. transverse colon

e. anal canal

e

The initial segment of the large intestine is:

a. ascending colon

b. transverse colon

c. cecum

d. sigmoid colon

e. rectum

c

The _____ attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth.

a. alveoli process

b. filiform papillae

c. labial frenulum

d. lingual frenulum

e. mandible bones

d

Which choice describes small herniations of the mucosa through the colon walls?

a. Appendicitis

b. Jaundice

c. Gastric Ulcer

d. Cholelithiasis

e. Diverticula

e

The main site for nutrient absorption is the _____.

a. small intestine

b. large intestine

c. mouth

d. stomach

a

Which cell of the stomach produces hydrochloric acid (HCl)?

a. parietal cells

b. mucous neck cells

c. enteroendocrine cells

d. paneth cells

e. chief cells

a

The structure between the transition from the ascending colon to the transverse colon is the _____.

a. rectum

b. hepatic flexure

c. sigmoid colon

d. descending colon

e. splenic flexure

b

Salivary amylase breaks down _____.

a. lipids

b. proteins

c. carbohydrates

d. vitamins

e. nucleic acids

c

The increased concentration of HCO3- in blood draining from the stomach is called _____.

a. the alkaline shift

b. the chloride shift

c. the enterogastric reflex

d. bicarbonate loading

a

The phases of cephalic secretion from first to last are:

a. cephalic phase, gastric phase, intestinal phase

b. intestinal phase, gastric phase, cephalic phase

c. gastric phase, cephalic phase, intestinal phase

d. cephalic phase, intestinal phase, gastric phase

a

The _____ circulation serves the digestive organs and the hepatic portal circulation.

a. Coronary

b. Mesentery

c. Fetal

d. Intrinsic

e. Splanchnic

e

Vitamin A is absorbed by _____.

a. the absorptive cells of the small intestines

b. the paneth cells of the large intestines

c. the micelle

d. the absorptive cells of the large intestines

e. the liver

a

During the _____, gastrin, enzymes, and HCl are released into the stomach once when food enters.

a. intestinal phase

b. cephalic phase

c. gastric phase

d. pharyngeal phase

e. buccal phase

c