Core Content Review Exam 1

Contains eukaryotic DNA

Nucleus

Dark stained region of nucleus of eukaryotic cells

Nucleolus

network of tubular membranes within eukaryotic cells

Smooth ER and Rough ER

Proteins and Lipids from ER are processed 

Golgi Body

contains digestive enzymes to break down captured food material

Lysosome

organelle responsible for much of cellular respiration reactions

mitochondria

used for storage

vacuole

contains enzymes to rid cell of toxic substances including hydrogen peroxide

peroxisome

organelle found in plant kingdom

chloroplast

directs synthesis of proteins and ribosomes

nucleus

it is the site of ribosomal RNA synthesis

Nucleolus

appears smooth due to absence of ribosomes

Smooth ER

appears rough due to presence of ribosomes

Rough ER

sorted and packaged for transport to other parts of the cell, often to cell memebrane

Golgi Body

Bulk of ATP is generated, during cellular respiration and aerobic metabolism

Mitochondria

a by product of cellular respiration

peroxisome

used for photosynthesis

chloroplast

controls cellular activity

Nucleus

responsible for lipid synthesis

Smooth ER

responsible for protein synthesis

Rough ER

cell membrane is composed of what layers

2 layers of phospholipids

What is embedded in the phospholipid bilayer

proteins

cell membrane creates a barrier and defines the outer boundary of the cell

selectively permeable membrane

steroid lipids found only in eukaryotic membrane

Sterols

What are animals sterols

Cholestrol

speeds up a chemical reaction

catalyst

what is an example of a biological catalysts

enzymes

protein portion of a holoenzyme

apoenzyme

what does an apoenzyme bind to

coenzyme or cofactor

a small inorganic molecule

cofactor

what does a cofactor and coenzyme bind to, too fully function

apoenzyme to form a fully functioned holoenzyme

a large organic molecule

coenzyme

3 dimensional binding pocket of an enzyme

active site

where the substrate binds and is converted into product

active site

molecule that undergoes a chemical reaction

substrate

binds to active site

substrate

the energy needed to initiate a chemical reaction 

activation energy

what lowers the energy to speed up the chemical reaction

enzyme

how does temp affect an enzyme

certain enzymes have to have certain temps to function

how does pH affect an enzyme

certain enzymes have to have a certain pH in order to function

how does substrate concentration affect an enzyme

speeds up the enzyme. Speed will stop when there is not enough enzymes

how does an inhibitor affect an enzyme

reduces its ability to function

competitive inhibitor

blocks enzymes ability to bind

where is the allosteric site

outside of an active site

how does an allosteric site affect an enzyme

it changes its shape making it unable to bind

both anabolism and catabolism have what in comman

metabolic reactions and use ATP

Catabolism

breaks down molecules

Anabolism 

build molecules

ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) has what bonded to it

3 phosphates

When is energy released from ATP

when an enzyme breaks

glucose—>2pyruvic acid+2ATP+2NADH

glycolysis

what is glycolysis reactant

glucose

where is the location of glycolysis

cytoplasm

2 pyruvic acid—>2acetyl-CoA+2NADH+2CO2

bridge reaction/acetyl-coA

what is the reactant to acety-coA/ bridge reaction

pyruvic acid

where is the acetyl-coAs location

cytoplasm

2 acetyl-CoA→2ATP+6NADH+FADH2+4CO2

krebs cycle

what is the reactant of the krebs cycle

2 acetyl-CoA

what is the location of prokaryotes in krebs cycle

cytoplasm

what is the location of eukaryotes in krebs cycle

matric of mitochondria

when does fermentation occur

when oxygen concentrates are to low

cellular respiration and fermentation both use

glycolysis