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What is the centre of gravity?
Centre of gravity - the point at which the weight of the object may be considered to act
For symmetrical objects it’s located at the point of symmetry
When is an object stable?
An object is stable when its centre of gravity lies above its base
Thus the wider the base of an object, the lower its centre of gravity and its more stable
What is a moment?
Moment - the turning effect of a force - the product of the force and perpendicular distance from the pivot
M=Fd
Where M is moment in Nm
Where F is force in N
Where d is perpendicular distance from the pivot in m
When the force isn’t acting perpendicular to the object:
M=Fdcosθ

What is a couple?
Couple - a pair of forces that act to produce rotation only
The forces in a couple must be:
Equal in magnitude
Opposite in direction
Perpendicular to the distance in between them
They produce a resultant force of 0
What is torque?
Torque - the moment of a couple
τ=Fd
Where τ is torque in Nm
Where F is force in N
Where d is the perpendicular distance between the forces