Object Perception Flashcards

Flashcards based on lecture notes on object perception, covering Gestalt principles, computational models, neural pathways, and the influence of context and similarity.

What factors can affect an object's image and make object recognition challenging?

An object's image changes with distance, position, lighting, orientation, perspective rotation, and occlusion of parts.

What are the Gestalt principles of perceptual organization?

Similarity, proximity, closure, good continuation, and common fate.

What is the catchphrase of Gestalt psychology?

The whole is more than the sum of its parts.

According to Gestalt grouping principles, how are parts of an image perceived?

Parts of the image are seen as belonging together and are likely to arise from the same object.

How does figure-ground perception work according to Gestalt principles?

Area bounded by contour (closure) is seen as a separate object and contours are seen as belonging to one object at a time.

What are the three stages of Marr's model of object recognition?

Primal sketch, 2 1/2 -D sketch, and 3-D model.

What are the key components to Marr's model of object recognition?

Viewpoint invariant, decomposition to smaller cylinders, principal axis.

What are the steps in Biederman's 'Recognition by Components' theory?

Edge extraction, detect arrangement of edges, segment object into components (parts), and determine GEON type for each component (part).

How many GEON's are needed in Biederman's Recognition by Components' theory?

36

What are the two visual processing streams described by Ungerleider & Mishkin?

Ventral (what) and Dorsal (where).

What are the main symptoms of Object Agnosia?

Inability to recognize objects despite intact basic visual processing.

What are the main symptoms of Optic Ataxia?

Difficulty completing visually guided reaching tasks.

Based on Hubel & Wiesel's findings, how is visual information processed in the visual cortex?

Hierarchical processing of visual information: simple -> complex -> hyper complex.

Which area of the brain is responsible for location-tolerant object information & object-tolerant location information?

Lateral Occipital Cortex (LOC)

In bidirectional processing models, how do expectations influence object recognition?

Expectations lower threshold for likely items.

How does similarity affect object representation?

Similarity guides classification, naming, and behavior.

According to Cichy et al 2019, what factors do one judge similarity by?

Shape, function, colour, background, free arrangement.

What is usually a supervised training necessity to implement object recognition?

Algorithm, training dataset, appropriate coverage.

What are the key areas in object recognition?

Gestalt principles, computational models (Marr, Biederman), pathways, cell representation, context, and similarity.

What object representation is most utilized by Artificial Intelligence?

Convolutional Neural Network (CNN).