HIM 361- Ch. 7

What are the parts of the kidney?

cortex (outer region)

medulla (inner region)

hilum (area in the center of the kidney where the blood vessels and nerves pass through)

What are the ureters?

the 2 tubes that extend from the kidney to the bladder

What is the trigone?

triangular region at the base of the bladder where the ureters enter and the urethra exits

What is the urethra?

the one tube that carries urine form the bladder to the outside of the body

urination (voiding, micturation)

process of expelling urine through the urethra

urinary meatus

external opening of the urethra

arteriole

small artery

catheter

tube for injecting or removing fluids

renal cortex

outer region of the kidney

glomerulus (plural: glomeruli)

tiny ball of capillaries in the kidney

hilum

depression in an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave

kidney

one of two bean-shaped organs on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region; it filters nitrogenous wastes from the bloodstream to form urine

meatus

opening or canal

medulla

inner region of an organ

renal artery

blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney

renal pelvis

central collecting region in the kidney

renal vein

blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart

urinary bladder

hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine

cyst/o, vesic/o

urinary bladder

glomerul/o

glomerulus

meat/o

meatus

nephr/o, ren/o

kidney

pyel/o

renal pelvis

trigon/o

trigone (region of the bladder)

ureter/o

ureter

urethr/o

urethra

vesic/o, cyst/o

urinary bladder

albumin/o

albumin (a protein in the blood)

azot/o

nitrogen (azotemia: abnormally high levels of nitrogen-containing substances in the blood)

bacteri/o

bacteria

dips/o

thirst (polydipsia: excessive thirst)

kal/i

potassium

ket/o, keton/o

ketone bodies (ketoacids and acetone)

lith/o

stone

natr/o

sodium

noct/o

night

olig/o

scanty

-poietin (watch spelling!)

substance that forms

py/o

pus

-tripsy

crushing

ur/o, urin/o

urine

urinary incontinence

inability to hold urine in the bladder

urinary retention

inability to empty the bladder

-uria

urination, urine condition

dysuria

difficult or painful urination

anuria

absence of urine

hematuria

blood in the urine

glycosuria

sugar in the urine

polyuria

excessive urination

polydipsia

excessive thirst

glomerulonephritis

inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney

nephrolithiasis

kidney stone

polycystic kidney disease (PKD)

multiple fluid-filled sacs (cysts) within and on the kidney

pyelonephritis

inflammation of the lining of the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma

renal cell carcinoma (hypernephroma)

cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood

renal failure

decrease in excretion of wastes results from impaired filtration function

renal hypertension

high blood pressure resulting from kidney disease

Wilms Tumor (example of an eponym: term named after someone)

malignant tumor of the kidney occurring in childhood

bladder cancer

malignancy of the urinary bladder

CT urography

x-ray images using computed tomography (CT) show multiple cross-sectional and other views of the kidney.

kidneys, ureters, and bladder (KUB) (without contrast)

x-ray examination (without contrast) of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder

renal angiography (with contrast)

x-ray exam with contrast of the blood vessels of the kidney

retrograde pyelogram (RP)

x-ray imaging of the renal pelvis and ureters after injection of contrast through a urinary catheter into the ureters from the bladder (useful for locating stones and obstructions)

voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) (with contrast)

x-ray image of the urinary bladder and urethra obtained while the patient is voiding

ultrasonography

imaging of urinary tract structures using high-frequency sound waves

MRI urography

changing magnetic field produces images of the kidney and surrounding structures in three planes of the body

cystoscopy (diagnostic procedure: does not resolve anything or treat the patient, just diagnoses them) (cysto for short)

visual examination of the urinary bladder

dialysis

complete separation of wastes from the blood when the kidneys fail

hemodialysis (HD)

using an artificial kidney machine to remove wastes from the blood

peritoneal dialysis (PD)

dialysis in which the patient's own peritoneum is used as the dialyzing membrane instead of a machine. A catheter is used to insert fluid into the peritoneum and to take the fluid out.

lithotripsy

crushing of a stone

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)

crushing of stones using shockwaves

renal angioplasty

dilation of narrowed areas in renal arteries using a balloon

renal biopsy

removal of kidney tissue for microscopic examination

renal transplantation

surgical transfer of a kidney from a donor to a recipient

urinary catheterization

methods of placing a tube into the bladder through the urethra to drain or collect urine

AKI

acute kidney injury

BUN

blood urea nitrogen

CAPD

continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (when the patient is on peritoneal dialysis they can still walk around)

CKD

chronic kidney disease

CRF

chronic renal failure

C&S

culture and sensitivity

cysto

short for cystoscopic examination

ESWL

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

HD

hemodialysis

IVP

intravenous pyelogram

K+

potassium (an electrolyte)

Na+

sodium (an electrolyte)

KUB

kidney, ureter, bladder

PD

peritoneal dialysis

PKD

polycystic kidney disease

PUL

percutaneous ultrasound lithotripsy

RP

retrograde pyelography

UA

urinary analysis

UTI

urinary tract infection

VCUG

voiding cystourethrogram

nephrolithiasis

kidney stone

cali/o, calic/o

calyx (calix); cup-shaped