Industrialization Study Guide

Flashcards about Industrialization, Railroads, and Big Business

What invention is George Westinghouse known for?

Transformers

What invention is Henry Ford known for?

Assembly line/Model T

What invention are the Wright Brothers known for?

Airplane

What invention is Alexander Bell known for?

Telephone

What invention is Cyrus Field known for?

Transatlantic telegraph cable

What inventions is Thomas Edison known for?

Lightbulb, phonograph, etc.

What did Lewis Latimer invent?

Better wire for the lightbulb

What did Granville Woods invent?

Better brakes for railroads

What did Elijah McCoy invent?

Device for oiling machines

What did Jan Matzeliger invent?

Shoe-making machine

Why were railroads important to big businesses?

To ship their products

What are pools in the context of railroads?

Fixed prices to eliminate competition

What are rebates in the context of railroads?

Discounts offered to big businesses; small businesses were not

What is consolidation in the context of railroads?

Large corporations bought smaller companies to create monopolies and eliminate competition

What is J.P. Morgan known for?

Monopoly in banking industry, bought Carnegie's Steel Co.

What is Andrew Carnegie known for?

Owned Carnegie Steel; monopoly in the steel industry based in Pittsburgh; used vertical integration

What is John D. Rockefeller known for?

Monopoly in the oil industry; owned Standard Oil

What are the factors of production used by entrepreneurs to expand their business?

Land, labor, capital

Which businesses started corporations?

Railroads, banks, and manufacturing firms

Why Americans supported big business?

It lowered production costs, increased quality of life, and brought about new tech & inventions

Why Americans did not like big business?

Monopolies & trusts had too much influence over the government, eliminated competition, & treated workers unfairly

What did the Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890 do?

Banned trusts and monopolies; but was too weak to be effective

Who were the workers in the rise of industry?

Unskilled immigrant men, Women (paid ½ of what men were), Children

Where did workers took jobs in?

Factories / Sweatshops, Coal Mines, Textile Mills / Garment Industry, Railroad, Oil mills, Steel mills

Name some Labor Union Strikes during the Industrialization?

Haymarket Riot, Homestead Strike, Pullman Strike

What were the Labor Unions fighting for?

Better Pay, Shorter hours, Safer working conditions, End child labor

What are the names of the Labor Unions during the Industrialization?

American Federation of Labor (AFL) and Knights of Labor (KOL)

Where did OLD Immigrants come from?

Northern & Western Europe

Where did NEW Immigrants come from?

Southern & Eastern Europe & Asia

What were the two most difficult tasks immigrants faced?

Finding a job and assimilating

What were the Push Factors for Immigrants leaving their homeland?

Lack of Jobs, pogroms, disease

What were the Pull Factors for Immigrants to a new area?

Jobs, religious freedom

How were Immigrants Coming From Europe to America?

Entering the United States at NY Harbor

How were Immigrants Coming From Asia to America?

Entering the United States in the west at San Francisco Bay, California

What Act stopped Chinese workers from coming to the United States for 10 years?

Chinese Exclusion Act

Which three groups of people move to cities?

Farmers, Immigrants, African Americans

What organizations provided assistance to urban poor?

The Salvation Army & YMCA

Name forms of Entertainment and Recreation in the cities?

Vaudeville, Music, Spectator Sports, Art, Nickelodeon

What are Tenements?

Located in a city center; were run down, unsafe, poorly built housing quickly erected to house poor immigrants flooding the cities.

What new types of literature and stories were becoming popular at the time?

Reading becomes a popular leisure activity

Who were the Progressives?

Individuals who wanted to work with the government to pass laws in order to expose and clean up corruption in government, business, and society

Who were the Progressive Activists and Presidents?

Carrie Chapman Catt, Alice Paul, Cary Nation, W.E.B DuBois, Booker T Washington, Theodore Roosevelt, William Taft, Woodrow Wilson

What was Theodore Roosevelt campaign slogan?

Square Deal

Who are Upton Sinclair, Jacob Riis, Ida Tarbell and Thomas Nast?

The Muckrakers

What were the corrupt organizations linked to political parties that controlled cities and worked to get their politicians elected?

Political Machines

Who was the corrupt leader of NYC?

William 'Boss' Tweed

What are the three proposals from the Oregon System?

Initiative, Referendum, Recall

Which Amendment gave women the right to vote?

19th Amendment

What policy did the USA follow at first?

Policy of Isolation

Who wanted to improve the navy and the Great White Fleet?

Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan

What were the reasons for expansionism/imperialism?

To find new markets to sell products (exports), To new sources for raw materials, to spread western influence (culture & religion) to Africa, Asia and Latin America, and For the US to compete with Europe (race for colonies)

By the 1890s, China was divided into what?

Sphere of Influence

Who suggested an Open Door Policy where nations could trade freely in each other's Spheres of Influence in China?

Secretary of State John Hay

What ship was sent to Havana, Cuba to protect interests and exploded?

USS Maine

Which territories did the United States gain after the Spanish American War?

Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, The Philippines

Who followed the Big Stick policy?

Theodore Roosevelt

What did Roosevelt Corollary claimed?

That the United States to intervene in the affairs of Latin American nations by Sending US military troops to the area to protect US interests and peace

What were the M.A.I.N. Long Term Causes of the World War I?

Militarism, Alliance System, Imperialism, Extreme nationalism

Who was assasinated and causes the immediate cause for World War I?

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

How did Germany attacked ships to break American Neutrality in World War I?

Submarine

Germany asks Mexico fight US to reclaim lost land in America and keep the US out of WWI. Known as what?

Zimmerman Telegram

Name the Bureaucracy Manages of the World War I.?

Food Administration, War Industries Board, War Labor Board, Committee on Public Information

Wilson's peace plan called for an end to secret alliances is known as what?

Fourteen Points

After WWI, Americans feared communism would Spread to the US. Called what?

Red Scare

Signed by USA & 14 other nations. It outlawed war. Treaty was unenforceable. Called what?

Kellogg-Briand Pact

Which president promise Americans a Return to Normalcy?

Warren G. Harding

What limited the number of people able to immigrate to the US?

Emergency Quota System

What teacher was arrested and found guilty for illegally teaching about evolution in Tennessee?

John Scopes

Which Amendment outlawed alcohol?

18th Amendment

The US economy will collapse under whose presidency?

Herbert Hoover

What limited the number of people able to immigrate to the US in the 1920's?

Emergency Quota System

Who were some people that smuggle alcohol into the US during the prohibition?

Al Capone

Which Amendment repealed prohibition?

21st Amendment

What caused the Us go through a BRIEF recession after WW1?

Factories stopped production of wartime goods, unemployed Soldiers returning from war

What was the name name of African American culture rebirth that begin in Harlem, NY

Harlem Renaissance

Who are Musical artists that popularized jazz music & performed in white only clubs like the Cotton Club during the Harlem Renaissance time?

Louis Armstrong & Bessie Smith

What organization did WEB Dubois fought for equal rights and integration?

NAACP

Why was the economy for most of the 1920s strong?

People were spending money on consumer goods mass produced in a peacetime economy

What some of the major causes of the Great Depression?

Farmers were struggling through the 1920s, Overproduction of goods by factories resulting in a Surplus businesses couldn't sell, Business Failures,Black Tuesday

What did Hoover created to lend money to businesses?

Reconstruction Finance Corporation

Out of anger, many Americans who lost their homes created what?

Hoovervilles

What were the 3 goals of FDR's New Deal?

Relief, Recovery Reform

Name the Alphabet Agencies of the First New Deal.

AAA, TVA, CCC, FERA, NIRA, FDIC

What declared the AAA unconstitutional?

U.S. v. Butler

What caused the Dust Bowl?

Over farming and severe drought

Who was the first woman cabinet secretary?

Frances Perkins

What did

FDR helped restore Native American culture damaged by the government with