Homeostasis and Body Temperature Regulation

Flashcards covering homeostasis, blood glucose regulation, diabetes, and thermoregulation.

__ is the process of maintaining a stable internal environment.

Maintaining of a constant internal environment.

__ feedback mechanism involves a deviation from a set point that triggers changes to counteract the deviation.

A deviation from set point acts as a signal to set off a set of changes to cancel out this deviation.

__ is an example of negative feedback; it is the process of regulating the amount of water in the body.

Keeping the amount of water in the body constant.

The control of blood sugar level is carried by and .

Pancreas and liver

In the pancreas, there are groups of cells that secrete two hormones: and .

Insulin and glucagon

When insulin reaches the liver, it causes the liver to __.

Absorb glucose from the blood and store it in the form of glycogen

If blood sugar levels fall too low, the pancreas secretes glucagon, which causes the liver to __.

Break down glycogen to glucose and release it into the blood.

In Type I Diabetes, __.

The pancreatic cells fail to produce insulin.

Type I Diabetes is typically treated with __.

Insulin injection

Long-term symptoms of diabetes can include __.

Heart disease, cataract, hardening of the arteries

It is important to maintain a constant body temperature because __.

Enzymes work best at optimum temperature and denature as temperature increases

The hypothalamus __.

Contains receptors to sense the temperature of the blood

The functions of the skin are __.

Protection, sensitivity, temperature regulation.

The epidermis __.

Prevents the skin from dehydration and protects against the entry of pathogens.

When arterioles near the skin constrict, less blood flows close to the skin, decreasing heat loss through the skin surface. This is known as __.

Vasoconstriction

When arterioles near the skin dilate, more blood flows close to the skin surface, increasing heat loss through the skin surface. This is known as __.

Vasodilation

When body temperature is low, __.

Hair erector muscle contract, the hair stands trapping a layer of air in the skin surface which act as an insulator.

When body temperature is high, sweat glands are __.

More active to secrete more sweat increasing heat loss.