Protein Denaturation and Enzymes (Video Notes)

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms about protein denaturation, protein/enzyme structure, and denaturing conditions mentioned in the video notes.

Denaturation

The process by which a protein loses its native three‑dimensional structure due to environmental changes, resulting in loss of function.

Protein

A large biomolecule made of amino acids; its folded shape largely determines its function and it includes enzymes.

Enzyme

A biological catalyst, typically a protein, that speeds up chemical reactions and requires the proper shape to function.

Native conformation (native shape)

The functional three‑dimensional structure of a protein that enables its activity.

Shape determines function (structure‑function relationship)

The concept that a protein’s activity is dictated by its three‑dimensional shape and stabilizing interactions.

Denaturing conditions

Environmental factors such as acid, alkaline (base), high heat, or high salt that disrupt protein structure and function.

Acidic environment

Low pH conditions that can disrupt bonds within a protein, leading to denaturation and loss of function.

Alkaline environment

High pH conditions that can disrupt protein structure and cause denaturation.

Boiling

Exposure to very high temperatures that disrupt protein folding and denature proteins.

High salt concentration

Elevated ionic strength that can interfere with protein folding and interactions, leading to denaturation.

Nonfunctional protein

A protein that has lost its proper shape and can no longer perform its biological role.

Denatured protein

A protein that has lost its native structure due to denaturation and is often nonfunctional.