Oral Communication - Active Listening & Functions of Communication (1st FT)

listening

paying close attention to, and making sense of, what we hear

taking notes

- helps follow the speaker's train of thought

- helps you remember what is being said

Active Listening

making a conscious effort to hear and understand the complete message of the speaker (basically, being physically and mentally present)

passive listening

a one-sided communication style where someone hears but does not fully engage with or process information, often appearing inattentive (sometimes not being mentally present)

1. concentrate on the speaker

2. listen to the message for the intended purpose

3. no premature judgement

4. reflect and paraphrase

5. ask for clarification

6. maintain focus

7. no distractions

8. listen carefully before speaking

8 tips for listening actively, according to the national library of medicine

- ask specific questions

- have and show genuine concern

- use verbal and non-verbal affirmations

- earn and maintain trust and credibility

4 tips for listening actively in relationships

- informative

- instructive

- persuasive

- motivation

- therapeutic/emotional expresson

- regulation/control

- aesthetic

- social interaction

8 functions of communication

informative

to inform people of facts and get info

instructive

to instruct, command, and request people (normally, there's a hierarcy wherein people in higher ranks often instruct people in lower ranks)

persuasive

to persuade or convince others to believe and accept the speaker's stance on a problem/issue

motivation

to entice or direct people to act on their goals in life (can be related to therapeutic/emotional expresson function)

therapeutic/emotional expresson

serves to maintain good health that allows expression of one's emotions and thoughts, making it therapeutic (can be related to motivation function)

regulation/control

to control others' behavior and attitudes

aesthetic

for pleasure, enjoyment, and entertainment

rhetorics

the art of writing and speaking effectively and persuasively

narratives

the stories we use to describe our personal worlds

social interaction

to start, maintain, strengthen, weaken, or end relationships and intimacy

- assertive

- passive

- passive-aggressive

- aggressive

4 Speech styles according to how individuals express their needs, thoughts, and feelings and how much they consider the needs, thoughts, and feelings of others

assertive

expressing your views clearly and respectfully

passive

accepting or allowing what happens or what others do, without active response or resistance.

passive-aggressive

making indirect accusations, showing resentment, procrastination, using sarcasm, and other behaviors aimed at thwarting another's resolution of conflict

aggressive

self-serving communication that does not take a listener's feelings and rights into account

- intimate

- casual

- consultative

- formal

- frozen

5 Speech Styles according to the level of formality

intimate

normally between family members or those considered close to an individual, it is the informal speech style where people can easily convey emotions and feelings (heart-to-heart talks)

casual

most common between friends, it includes everyday informal conversations wherein emotions are not always conveyed and usually are not needed

consultative

normally between professionals and acquaintances, it is semi-formal needing good grammar and is two-way where questions, clarifications, and answers are exchanged

formal

used with public speaking, presentations, reports, ceremonies, it is has strict grammar with longer, well-structured sentences that are planned, and organized, and usually one-way communication

frozen

used with rituals, traditions, memorized texts, it remains unchanging and untouchable with no interaction or improvisation