Video Notes: Phrases, Clauses, Sentences; Direct and Reported Speech; Reading Strategies; Website Features; Research Sources

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms from the video notes.

Phrase

A group of words without a subject and a verb that functions as a single part of speech.

Prepositional phrase

A phrase starting with a preposition that shows relationship and modifies a word (e.g., under the table).

Infinitive phrase

A phrase beginning with to + a verb (to sing a song).

Noun phrase

A phrase that acts as a noun (e.g., the tall girl).

Clause

A group of words containing a subject and a verb.

Independent clause

A clause that expresses a complete thought.

Dependent clause

A clause that does not express a complete thought.

Sentence

A group of words that expresses a complete thought; must have a subject and a predicate (verb).

Simple sentence

A sentence that contains one independent clause.

Compound sentence

A sentence with two or more independent clauses joined by a conjunction or punctuation.

Complex sentence

A sentence with an independent clause and at least one dependent clause.

Direct speech

The exact words spoken by a person, enclosed in quotation marks.

Reported speech (indirect speech)

Speech that reports what someone said without quoting exact words; no quotation marks.

Quotation marks

Punctuation marks used to enclose direct speech.

Skimming

Quickly reading to get the main idea; focus on titles, headings, first sentences, and keywords.

Scanning

Looking for specific information (e.g., date, number, name) without reading everything.

Close reading

Reading carefully and slowly to understand meaning, tone, and details; highlight keywords and take notes.

Headings

Titles or subtitles that organize content and help locate information.

Hyperlinks

Clickable text or images that connect to another page or section.

Navigation menu

A menu at the top or side of a page that lets you jump to different sections or pages.

Search bar

A field that helps you search for specific content on a website.

Buttons

UI elements used to perform actions like submitting forms or downloading files.

Newspapers

Printed or online sources presenting factual and current information.

Websites

Online sources with articles and publications; trustworthy domains are preferred (.edu, .gov or official pages).

Videos

Visual media that help explain information.

Images

Visual data or evidence used to illustrate or support content.

Podcasts

Audio programs that discuss specific topics.

Print-based materials

Books, magazines, encyclopedias with reliable content.

Trustworthy site indicators

Indicators of reliability, such as a trustworthy domain (.edu, .gov) or official pages.

Multiple sources

Using more than one source to compare facts and get up-to-date and complete information.