MUSCLES AND TENDONS

CHAPTER 15 - MEDTERM SEMIS

atrophy

The wasting away or diminished volume of tissue, an organ, or a body part

contract

Draw together or shorten

fascia

Sheet of fibrous connective tissue

fascicle

Bundle of muscle fibers

fiber

A strand or filament

hypertrophy

Increase in size, but not in number, of an individual tissue element

insert/insertion

The insertion of a muscle is the attachment of a muscle to a more movable part of the skeleton, as distinct from the origin

origin

Fixed source of a muscle at its attachment to bone

orthotic

Orthopedic appliance to correct an abnormality

orthotist

Specialist who makes and fits orthopedic appliances

peristalsis

Waves of alternate contraction and relaxation of the ali mentary canal wall to move food along the digestive tract

striated muscle

Another term for skeletal muscle

striation

Stripes

tone

Tension present in resting muscles

voluntary muscle

Another term for skeletal muscle. It is under the control of the will

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

A condition with symmetrical weakness and wasting of pelvic, shoulder, and proximal limb muscles

fibromyalgia

Pain in the muscle fibers

myoglobin

Protein of muscle that stores and transports oxygen

neurotransmitter

Chemical agent that relays messages from one nerve cell to the next

rhabdomyolysis

Destruction of muscle to produce myoglobin

strain

Overstretch or tear in a muscle or tendon

sprain

A stretching or tearing of ligaments

tendon

Fibrous band that connects muscle to bone

tendinitis

Inflammation of a tendon

tenosynovitis

Inflammation of a tendon and its surrounding synovial sheath

ambulatory

Surgery or any other care provided without an overnight stay in a medical facility

infraspinatus

Pertaining to beneath the spine (of the scapula

rotator cuff

Part of the capsule of the shoulder joint

subscapularis

Pertaining to below the scapula

supraspinatus

Pertaining to above the spine (of the scapula)

teres major

One of the muscles that make up the rotator cuff

biceps brachii

A muscle of the arm that has two heads or points of origin on the scapula

brachialis

Muscle that lies underneath the biceps and is the strongest flexor of the forearm

brachioradialis

Muscle that helps flex the forearm

cyst

An abnormal, fluid-containing sac

deltoid

Large, fan-shaped muscle connecting the scapula and clavicle to the humerus

dorsum

The back of any part of the body, including the hand

dorsal

Pertaining to the back of any part of the body

Ganglion

Fluid-containing swelling attached to the synovial sheath of a tendon

latissimus dorsi

The widest (broadest) muscle in the back

stenosis

Narrowing of a passage

thenar eminence

The fleshy mass at the base of the thumb

hypothenar eminence

The fleshy mass at the base of the little finger

triceps brachii

Muscle of the arm that has three heads or points of origin

adductor

Muscle that moves the thigh toward the midline

adduction

Action of moving toward the midline

calcaneus

The heel bone

calcaneal tendon

The tendon of the heel formed from gastrocne mius and soleus muscles and inserted into the calcaneus

gastrocnemius

Major muscle in back of the lower leg (the calf)

gluteus

Refers to one of three muscles in the buttocks

gluteal

Pertaining to the buttocks

maximus

The gluteus maximus muscle is the largest muscle in the body, covering a large part of each buttock

medius

The gluteus medius muscle is partly covered by the gluteus maximus

minimus

The gluteus minimus is the smallest of the gluteal muscles and lies under the gluteus medius

popliteal fossa

The hollow at the back of the knee

quadriceps femoris

An anterior thigh muscle with four heads (origins)

antibody

Protein produced in response to an antigen

biopsy

Removal of a tissue from a living person for laboratory examination

electromyography

Recording of electrical activity in a muscle

enzyme

Protein that induces change in other substances

inflammation

A basic complex of reactions in blood vessels and adja cent tissues in response to injury or abnormal stimulation

ultrasonography

Delineation of deep structures using sound waves

anabolic steroid

Prescription drug used by some athletes to increase muscle mass

analgesia

State in which pain is reduced

analgesic

Agent that produces analgesia

antipyretic

Agent that reduces fever

ingredient

An element in a mixture

metabolism

The constantly changing physical and chemical pro cesses in the cell

metabolite

Any product of metabolism

assistive device

Tool, software, or hardware to assist in performing daily activities

occupational therapy

Use of work and recreational activities to increase independent function

physiatry

Physical medicine

physiatrist

Specialist in physical medicine

physical medicine

Diagnosis and treatment by means of remedial agents, such as exercises, manipulation, heat, etc.

physical therapy

Use of remedial processes to overcome a physical defect

physiotherapy

Another term for physical therapy

rehabilitation

Therapeutic restoration of an ability to function as before

therapy

Systematic treatment of a disease, dysfunction, or disorder

therapist

Professional trained in the practice of a particular therapy

therapeutic

Relating to the treatment of a disease or disorder

amputation

Removal of a limb, part of a limb, or other projecting body part

contracture

Muscle shortening due to spasm or fibrosis

prevention

Process to prevent occurrence of a disease or health problem

prosthesis

An artificial part to remedy a defect in the body

restorative rehabilitation

Therapy that promotes renewal of health and strength