Gestalt Principles

Gestalt Principle: Proximity

Elements that are physically close to each other are perceived as related or grouped.

Gestalt Principle: Similarity

Elements that share visual characteristics such as colour, shape, or size are perceived as belonging together.

Gestalt Principle: Continuity

The eye follows smooth, continuous paths and lines, causing users to perceive connected movement or flow.

Gestalt Principle: Closure

The brain fills in missing information to perceive a complete, unified object even when parts are incomplete.

Gestalt Principle: Symmetry

Symmetrical elements are perceived as part of the same group and create a sense of balance and stability.

Gestalt Principle: Figure-Ground

Users distinguish an object (figure) from its surrounding area (ground), helping them focus on primary content.

Gestalt Principle: Common Fate

Elements that move together are perceived as related or part of the same group, often used in UI animations.

Gestalt Principle: Common Region

Elements located within the same bounded area are perceived as related, even without proximity or similarity.

Gestalt Principle: Focal Point

A visually dominant element draws the viewer’s attention first and establishes a clear hierarchy.

Gestalt Principle: Uniform Connectedness

Elements visually connected by lines, colours, or shapes are perceived as a single group.