Concept D: Skeletal System

Central Canal

Canal for vessels/nerves

Lacuna

Location of osteocytes

Lamella

Layers of new bone deposit (rings)

trabeculae

fine,irregular plates, distribution stress in multiple direction

marrow cavities

spaces between

periosteum

CT covering of bone, capable of laying down bone

Endosteum

Lines spicules & inner surfaces of boneB

Blood supply to bone

Endosteal blood vessels

Intramembranous

Mesenchymal → Bone [inside flat bones]

Endocondral

Mesenchymal → Cartilage → Bone [Lone bones]

diaphysis

middle of tubular bones

epiphysis

ends of tubular bones

epiphyseal plate

cartilage to bone trasition

epiphyseal line

point of fusion of diaphysis & epiphysis

Fibrous joint

United by fibrous tissues (gomphosis, suture, syndesmosis)

Cartilaginous Joint

United by hyaline cartilage and/or fibrocartilage

Synovial Joints

Articular capsule, Bones at joints ‘capped’ w/articular/hyaline cartilage, supported by ligaments

pivot joints

rotation

hinge joints

flexion/extension

saddle joints

biaxial(2 directions of movement)

condyloid joints

also biaxial

plane joints

planar/sliding

ball & socket

multiaxial (all directions)

Axial Skeleton

Cranium, vertebral column, ribs & sternum

Appendicular skeleton

bones of limbs, bones of pectoral & pelvic girdles

pectoral girdle

scapula & clavicle

pelvic girdle

L & R Hip bones

Facet

(articular surface) small flat ‘face’

Alveolus

(Depression) Socket

Ramus

(Attachement) Angled extension of bone

Canal

(Openings) passageway through bones

Fissure

(openings) narrow slit opening

Foramen

(opening) rounded opening

Sinus

(openings) cavity or hallowed bone

condyle

(articular) rounded, smooth, articulating surface

Head

(articular) prominent, epiphysis

Fossa

(depression) flattened or shallow ditch

Sulcus

(Depression) narrow groove

Malleolus

(other) bounds sides of ankle joint

epicondyle

(Attachement) adjacent to/upon condyle

tubercle

(attachment) small, round

trochanter

(attachement) massive, blunt

tuberosity

(attachment) roughened, irregular

crest

(attachment) narrow,ridge-like

line

(attachment) low ridge