Pre-Lab 3 Questions
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41 Terms
What is the process of simple diffusion?
The movement of a substance from a high concentration area to a low concentration area.
What drives osmosis?
The diffusion of water from an area of high concentration (low tonicity) to an area of low concentration (high tonicity).
Define osmosis.
The process of water moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
What characterizes a selectively permeable membrane?
It has the ability to select which molecules will cross.
What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution?
Water moves from the ICF to the ECF, potentially causing the cell to crenate.
What is primary active transport?
A transport mechanism that uses ATP to move a substance against its concentration gradient.
What is an example of primary active transport?
The Sodium-Potassium Pump.
What is secondary active transport?
A transport mechanism that uses a concentration gradient as energy to move a substance against its concentration gradient.
What types of molecules can typically cross the cell membrane without assistance?
Hydrophobic molecules and gases like O2 and CO2.
What is facilitated diffusion?
The transport of molecules across the cell membrane from high to low concentration facilitated by carrier or channel proteins.
What does lysis refer to in cell transport?
The bursting open of a cell due to excessive fluid entering through osmosis.
What is the role of aquaporins?
They are channel proteins that facilitate the movement of water across the cell membrane.
Define isotonic solution.
A solution with the same concentration of impermeant solutes as the ICF, resulting in no net movement of water.
What is a characteristic of impermeant solutes?
They cannot cross the plasma membrane and thus cannot reach equilibrium between ICF and ECF.
What is the difference between channels and carriers in membrane transport?
Channels provide a pathway for ions or water to pass through the membrane, while carriers change shape to move substances across.
What is phagocytosis?
A type of endocytosis where large particles like bacteria are engulfed by immune cells.
What is the electrochemical gradient?
The combined effect of the chemical concentration gradient and electrical gradient acting upon ions.
What occurs during exocytosis?
Cells expel large amounts of molecules, such as waste or hormones, using vesicles that fuse with the cell membrane.
What can move through the cell membrane via simple diffusion?
Gasses, small hydrophobic molecules, and water.
What happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution?
Water moves from ECF to ICF, potentially causing the cell to swell or lyse.
What is the process of simple diffusion?
The movement of a substance from a high concentration area to a low concentration area.
What drives osmosis?
The diffusion of water from an area of high concentration (low tonicity) to an area of low concentration (high tonicity).
Define osmosis.
The process of water moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
What characterizes a selectively permeable membrane?
It has the ability to select which molecules will cross.
What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution?
Water moves from the ICF to the ECF, potentially causing the cell to crenate.
What is primary active transport?
A transport mechanism that uses ATP to move a substance against its concentration gradient.
What is an example of primary active transport?
The Sodium-Potassium Pump.
What is secondary active transport?
A transport mechanism that uses a concentration gradient as energy to move a substance against its concentration gradient.
What types of molecules can typically cross the cell membrane without assistance?
Hydrophobic molecules and gases like O{2} and CO{2}.
What is facilitated diffusion?
The transport of molecules across the cell membrane from high to low concentration facilitated by carrier or channel proteins.
What does lysis refer to in cell transport?
The bursting open of a cell due to excessive fluid entering through osmosis.
What is the role of aquaporins?
They are channel proteins that facilitate the movement of water across the cell membrane.
Define isotonic solution.
A solution with the same concentration of impermeant solutes as the ICF, resulting in no net movement of water.
What is a characteristic of impermeant solutes?
They cannot cross the plasma membrane and thus cannot reach equilibrium between ICF and ECF.
What is the difference between channels and carriers in membrane transport?
Channels provide a pathway for ions or water to pass through the membrane, while carriers change shape to move substances across.
What is phagocytosis?
A type of endocytosis where large particles like bacteria are engulfed by immune cells.
What is the electrochemical gradient?
The combined effect of the chemical concentration gradient and electrical gradient acting upon ions.
What occurs during exocytosis?
Cells expel large amounts of molecules, such as waste or hormones, using vesicles that fuse with the cell membrane.
What can move through the cell membrane via simple diffusion?
Gasses, small hydrophobic molecules, and water.
What happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution?
Water moves from ECF to ICF, potentially causing the cell to swell or lyse.
Which of the following substances can cross the cell membrane independently via simple diffusion: carbohydrates, steroids, triglycerides, proteins, small alcohols, O{2}, CO{2}, K^{+}, H^{+}, nucleotides, and Vitamin E?
The substances that can cross on their own are:
- Steroids
- Triglycerides
- Small alcohols
- O_{2}
- CO_{2}
- Vitamin E
Hydrophilic or large/charged substances like carbohydrates, proteins, K^{+}, H^{+}, and nucleotides require transport proteins.
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