Cellular Respiration, Transport, and Macromolecules Practice Exam Review

Flashcards covering key concepts from lecture notes on cellular respiration, membrane transport, and macromolecules, including effects of various toxins and experimental design principles.

If a toxin inhibits the first enzyme in the process for oxidizing glucose, and the cell only uses glucose as the initial substrate, will cells poisoned with this toxin be able to produce any ATP whatsoever?

True

If a toxin inhibits the first enzyme in the process for oxidizing glucose, would providing the mitochondria with an unlimited supply of Acetyl-CoA reduce the effects of this toxin?

True

If a toxin allows hydrogen (H+) ions to freely diffuse across the inner mitochondrial membrane without using a transport protein, will a mitochondrion affected by this toxin have more potential energy stored in the form of a H+ gradient compared to a normal unaffected mitochondrion?

False

If a toxin allows hydrogen (H+) ions to freely diffuse across the inner mitochondrial membrane without using a transport protein, would increasing the concentration of enzymes involved in the Krebs Cycle counter (mitigate) the effects of this toxin?

False

If a toxin prevents the removal of electrons from pyruvate molecules in cells, which of the following is MOST likely to be a symptom?

Increased levels of lactate

If a toxin prevents the removal of electrons from pyruvate molecules in cells, would this toxin increase the amount of oxygen consumed when producing 32 molecules of ATP, compared to a normal unaffected mitochondrion?

True

If a toxin blocks the reduction of O2 by the ETC, will a cell affected by this toxin produce less ATP per glucose molecule consumed than an unaffected cell?

True

If a toxin blocks the reduction of O2 by the ETC, will a cell affected by this toxin produce less metabolic CO2 than an unaffected cell?

False

If a researcher is testing the effects of a toxin on a glycolysis protein and wants to graph glucose oxidation rate vs. toxin exposure, would they likely put glucose oxidation rate on the X-axis?

False

When describing an experimental design testing a toxin's effects on glycolysis, would the amount of glucose added to each test beaker be classified as a controlled variable?

True

Given elevated O2, FAD, and Glucose, but low FADH2, what is a plausible explanation for how a poison is disrupting cellular respiration?

Prevents Acetyl-CoA oxidation

Given elevated O2, FAD, and Glucose, but low FADH2, is it true or false that the mystery poison is likely inhibiting the process of lactate/lactic acid fermentation?

False

Based on elevated pyruvate and NADH, and low NAD+ and CO2, will a cell poisoned by this toxin be producing less ATP per glucose molecule metabolized?

True

Based on elevated pyruvate and NADH, and low NAD+ and CO2, is it true or false that a cell poisoned by this toxin has most likely stopped the active transport of H+ ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane?

False

Given elevated NADH and FADH2, and low glucose and CO2, does poisoning by a toxin that prevents the oxidation of NADH fit the evidence?

True

Given elevated NADH and FADH2, and low glucose and CO2, which other molecule involved in cellular respiration would you predict to be elevated?

Acetyl-CoA

When graphing the results of an experiment testing different toxin concentrations on cellular respiration, would the concentration of poison be placed on the X-axis and room temperature on the Y-axis?

False

In an experiment testing toxin effects on cellular respiration, would the O2 levels measured in the mitochondria be best classified as a dependent variable?

True

If a hiker's cells have 0.9% salt inside and 1.1% salt outside, and they cannot balance ion gradients, what will happen to the cells?

Shrink

To help a hiker's cells osmoregulate when they have 0.9% salt inside and 1.1% salt outside, what does the hiker's body need to do?

Decrease the amount of salt OUTSIDE the cells

In a diagram where 'A' moves freely, 'B' needs help, and 'C' doesn't enter the cell, which molecule MOST LIKELY represents a small non-polar molecule?

Molecule A

In a diagram where 'A' moves freely, 'B' needs help, and 'C' doesn't enter the cell, which molecule MOST LIKELY represents a large molecule that only does jobs outside of the cell (like antibodies)?

Molecule C

If the enzyme sucrase is added to a beaker containing sucrose, glucose, and fructose, what will happen to their concentrations?

Glucose and fructose concentrations will increase, sucrose concentration will decrease

If the enzyme sucrose synthase is added to a beaker containing sucrose, glucose, and fructose, what will happen to their concentrations?

Glucose and fructose concentrations in the beaker will decrease, sucrose concentrations will increase

If the protein collagen is hydrolyzed, how will the resulting molecules compare to the original collagen molecules?

The resulting molecules will be smaller (shorter) than the original collagen molecules

If a cell is using dehydration synthesis to create a macromolecule, what type of bond will form the backbone of the macromolecule?

Covalent bond

If a transmembrane transport protein is for active transport (and not facilitated diffusion), what would you expect a cell with many of these proteins to do?

Maintain a large difference in the concentration of ions inside vs outside the cell

If a transmembrane transport protein is for facilitated diffusion (and not active transport), what should happen if the cell is placed in a solution with a VERY HIGH concentration of ions (higher than inside the cell)?

The cell should gradually become closer to isotonic relative to the solution outside

If a protein is denatured, what type of bond is being broken?

Hydrogen bond

If the enzyme lactase is denatured, what will happen to its ability to do its job?

A denatured lactase enzyme will not catalyze reactions anymore