health science exam cardiovascular system functions

intro to health

cardiovascular system functions

supplies nutrients and O2 to body; removes metabolic waste & CO2; distributes hormones; helps control body temperatures

Pericardium

Double-layered membrane surrounding the heart.

Myocardium

muscular, middle layer of the heart

endocardium

membrane lining the cavities of the heart

septum

Divides the right and left chambers of the heart

Atria

the two upper chambers of the heart

Ventricles

the two lower chambers of the heart

atrioventricular valves

Valves located between the atrial and ventricular chambers on each side of the heart, prevent backflow into the atria when the ventricles are contracting.

semilunar valves or aortic

pulmonary and aortic valves located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery and between the left ventricle and the aorta

tricuspid valve

A valve that is situated at the opening of the right atrium of the heart into the right ventricle and that resembles the mitral valve in structure but consists of three triangular membranous flaps.

bicuspid valve or mitral

valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle.

pulmonary valve

valve positioned between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

pulmonary circulation

flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart

systemic circulation

flow of blood from body tissue to the heart and then from the heart back to body tissues

heartbeat

electrical impulses starting in the heart cause the muscles to contract and the heart to beat

blood vessels

tubelike structures that carry blood throughout the body

Arteries

carry blood away from the heart

Arterioles

small vessels that receive blood from the arteries

Veins

Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart

venules

small vessels that gather blood from the capillaries into the veins

Capillaries

Microscopic vessel through which exchanges take place between the blood and cells of the body

Composition of blood

plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets

blood types

A, B, AB and O. Type O is the universal donor and AB blood is known as the universal recipient.

CHF (congestive heart failure)

condition in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to the rest of the body

Hypertension

higher than normal blood pressure

Anemia

A condition in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells, in hemoglobin, or in total volume.

Leukemia

Blood condition of white cells; malignant (cancerous) condition.