UNIT 4 KEYTERMS

Louisiana Purchase

1803 land deal where the U.S. bought western territory from France for $15 million; doubled the country's size.

Monroe Doctrine

U.S. warned Europe not to interfere in the Americas.

Henry Clay's American System

Plan for economic growth: tariffs, national bank, and better transportation.

Corrupt Bargain (Election of 1824)

Adams won after Clay's support; Jackson called it corrupt.

Lowell Mills

Early New England factories using young women to produce textiles.

Free Soil Ideology

Wanted to stop slavery from spreading so white farmers could settle new lands.

Jacksonian Democracy

Gave more political power to common white men; ended property requirements for voting.

Indian Removal Act (1830)

Forced Native Americans west of the Mississippi; led to the Trail of Tears.

Missouri Compromise (1820)

Missouri = slave state, Maine = free state; set line dividing free and slave territories.

Worcester v. Georgia

Supreme Court said Cherokee were protected; Jackson ignored it.

Manifest Destiny

Belief that the U.S. was meant to expand across the continent.

Sectionalism

Loyalty to one's region over the nation.

Mexican-American War (1846-1848)

U.S. defeated Mexico; gained Southwest land (California, New Mexico, etc.).

"54°40' or Fight!"

Slogan demanding full control of Oregon; settled at 49th parallel instead.

Abolitionist Movement

Wanted to end slavery immediately.

Underground Railroad

Secret routes helping enslaved people escape to the North.

Seneca Falls Convention (1848)

First women's rights meeting; wrote Declaration of Sentiments.

Declaration of Sentiments

Called for equal rights for women; modeled after the Declaration of Independence.

Republican Party (1850s)

New anti-slavery party led by Lincoln.

Compromise of 1850

California free, new fugitive slave law, Utah/New Mexico use popular sovereignty.

Fugitive Slave Law

Required return of escaped enslaved people to owners.

Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)

Let people in those territories vote on slavery.

Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)

Supreme Court said enslaved people weren't citizens; Congress couldn't ban slavery.

John Brown's Raid (1859)

Tried to start a slave revolt in Virginia; failed and was executed.

Election of 1860 / Secession

Lincoln won; southern states seceded starting with South Carolina.

Free Soil Party

Wanted to stop slavery in new western territories.

American System

Henry Clay's plan: tariffs, national bank, and internal improvements.

Tariff of Abominations (1828)

High taxes on imports; angered the South.

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848)

Ended Mexican War; U.S. got Southwest land for $15 million.

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin, inspiring anti-slavery feelings.

Popular Sovereignty

People in each territory vote on allowing slavery.

Lincoln-Douglas Debates (1858)

Debated slavery's spread; helped Lincoln become well-known.

Trail of Tears

Forced Cherokee march to Indian Territory; thousands died.

Bank War

Jackson destroyed the National Bank; put money in "pet banks."

Spoils System

Gave government jobs to loyal supporters.

Whig Party

Formed to oppose Jackson; supported strong government and internal improvements.

Frederick Douglass

Escaped enslaved man, abolitionist speaker, and writer of Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass.

Harriet Tubman

Escaped enslaved woman; led others to freedom through the Underground Railroad.

Grimké Sisters

Angelina and Sarah; spoke out for women's rights and abolition.

William Lloyd Garrison

Abolitionist who published The Liberator newspaper.