don't p down my back and tell me its raining governor menant

refugee

a person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster

affirmative action

to take action to remove the effects of past discrimination,, th goal was to make the work force more balanced with people from the majority and minority groups

Civil Rights Act of 1964

This law and its amendments make sure that everyone, regardless of race, color, religion, or national origin, is free to use public places, like restaurants and hotels

how many senators does each state have

2

what does the cabinet do

give president political advice

what is the amount of representatives based on

population

1st Amendment

freedom of speech, religion, assembly, and press

2nd Amendment

guarantees rights to serve in state militia and right to bear arms

3rd amendment

limits governments power to have soldiers in your home

4th amendment

protects people from unreasonable searches

5th amendment

Accused cannot be denied life, liberty, or property

6th Amendment

right to trial by jury with representation from a lawyer

7th Amendment

right to jury trial in civil cases

8th amendment

prohibits excessive fines,, no cruel or unusual punishment

9th amendment

rights listed are not only the rights of the people

10th amendment

powers not specifically granted to the federal government is given to the states and the people

13th amendment

abolished slavery

14th amendment

gave the states more power,, made bill of rights benefit the states too

Brown vs board of education of topeka

Separate schools were unequal and unconstitutional. Overturned the Plessy decision.

segregation

keeping one group of people away from another

discrimination

Treating certain groups of people differently from others.

The government has the right to discriminate but under very limited

who is the only person who can naturalize citizens

congress

the constitution doesnt directly talk about inequality. what does the 14th amendment say

no State shall… deny to any person… the equal protection of the laws

naturalization

the legal process a non citizen must follow to be a us citizen . only congress can naturalization citizens

how many ways are there to be a natural born citizen

2

what are the 2 ways to become a natural born citizen called

jus soli and jus sanguinis

jus soli

law of the soil,, you are a natural born citizen if you are born on american soil

jus sanguinis

law of blood, you are a natural born if your parents are american citizens

what did the miranda vs arizona 1996 case set in place

the police must read a list of rights to the person they are arresting and make sure they understand these rights

no self incrimination

The 5th amendment protects the accused from self-incrimination. ''I plead the fifth''

bench trial

When the judge decides the case.

trial by jury

The accused has the right to a trial by an impartial jury of their peers. (one without bias)

speedy and public trial

The time between a person's arrest and the beginning of their federal criminal trial cannot be more than 100 days

double jeapordy

Trying a person for the same crime twice. This is illegal in the U.S.

indictment

A formal complaint that charges a person with a crime.

grand jury

A group of people who together look at the evidence of a case and decide if a person should be charged with a serious crime

ex post facto laws

Laws that make an action a crime and punish people who did that action before the law was passed. This is illegal in the U.S

bills of attainder

punishes an accused person without a court trial. This is illegal in the U.S.

habaes corpus

The accused has the right to be in court during their proceedings

rights of accused

In the U.S., a person accused of a crime is considered innocent until proven guilty. It isn't the accused responsibility to prove innocence but the government's job to prove guilt in a fair and legal process.

wiretapping

recording phone calls

bugging

recording face to face conversations

probable cause

good legal reason for a warrant

what are the security amendments

2nd amendment, 3rd amendments, 4th amendments, 13th amendment

police power

the power the state has to protect and promote the public health, safety, morals, and general well-being of the people

Substantive due process

protection from unfair laws

what are the crimes against the nation

espionage, sabotage, sedition, and treason

espionage

spying for a foreign country

sabotage

destroying something tho stop or slow down a nations war or defense effort

sedition

encouraging others resist lawful authority

treason

going to war against the nation

picketing

protesting with signs outside of a building

censorship

deciding if books, films, or recordings are obscene or

objectionable and stopping their distribution or removing them.

is burning the american flag legal

yes, it is considered symbolic speech and is protected

does the constitution protect obscenity

no

slander

saying something that's false and hateful

libel

writing something that's false and hateful

freedom of speech and press

This gives people the right to have their say and to hear what others have to say. People should be able to express themselves by speaking, writing, or through any other means of communication

establishment clause

separation of church and state . also government cannot favor one religion over another

free excercise clause

Guarantees to all people the right to whatever religious beliefs they choose but it does not give people the right to act on any belief. Ex. If your religion calls for something that goes against the rights of others, it is not allowed.

civil rights

government actions that make sure the constitutional guarantees of liberty are upheld.

civil liberties

protections against government actions that interfere with individual freedom

what are amendments 1-10

the bill of rights

what are the 2 ways to amend the constitution

informal amendment and formal amendments

informal amendment

where the process changes but the words in the constitution stay the same

formal amendment

where actual words in the constitution are changed or added

substansive due process

protection from unfair laws

formal amendment process

Congress proposes - state legislatures ratify

Congress proposes - state conventions ratify

National convention proposes - state legislature ratify

National convention proposes - state conventions ratify

informal amendment process

Law - by passing laws it fills in details about specific ways the government works

Executive action - president can do certain things to interpret the constitution

A.executive agreement - the same as treaty but does not need approval

B.executive order - the same as law but does not need approval

Court decisions - when the courts rule on a case they are explaining parts of the constitution

Party practices - when political parties decide parts of the governmental process

Custom - the ways its always been done

how many formal amendments were made

27

what are the 6 principles that guide the constitution

popular sovereignty, limited government, separation of powers, checks and balances, judicial review, and federalism

popular sovereignty

the people are the only source of power

limited government

government can only do what people give it the power to do

separation of powers

legislative, executive, and judicial branches are separate and equal branches

checks and balances

overlapping of 3 branches that allows them to check each other

judicial review

court decides the constitutionality of government actions

federalism

powers are distributed in a territorial basis between the national state and local governments

when did the constitution become the supreme law of the land

1789