Court Cases

Marbury v. Madison

- judicial review

- prevents one branch from having too much power

McCulloch v. Maryland

- Supremacy clause

- necessary and proper

- allowed congress to create a national bank and prevented state from taxing the national bank

Schenck v. United States

- established the clear and present danger test

- First amendment freedom of speech case

Brown v. Board of Education

- equal protection clause

- courts said separate but equal is inherently unequal

Baker v. Carr

- equal protection clause

- once person one vote

- allowed the courts to rule on redistricting

Engel v. Vitale

- 1st amendment freedom of religion

- establishment clause

- public schools cant force kids to pray in school

Gideon v. Wainwright

- selective incorporation

- right to counsel ( right to attorney)

Tinker v. Des Moines

- freedom of symbolic speech

- Kids wore black armband to protest the Vietnam war

New York Times v. US

- 1st amendment freedom of press

- prior restraint

Wisconsin v. Yoder

- Freedom of religion

- free exercise clause

- amish families can take their kids out of public school after 8th grade

Shaw v. Reno

- Equal protection clause

- race cannot be used as the primary consideration when drawing district lines

United States V. Lopez

- commerce clause

- Gun free school zones

McDonald v. Chicago

- 2nd amendment

- selective incorporation

Citizen United v. Federal Election Commission

- allows interest groups, labor unions, and incorporations to give unlimited amount of money to political campaigns