Insulin Management and Hypoglycemia

These flashcards cover key concepts related to insulin therapy and management of diabetes, focusing on hypoglycemia, insulin types, regimens, and patient safety.

What should a driver with diabetes do if they experience hypoglycemia while driving?

Stop the vehicle in a safe place, consume fast-acting sugar followed by long-acting carbohydrates, and wait 45 minutes after blood glucose returns to normal before continuing the journey.

What is the role of insulin in diabetes management?

Insulin is a polypeptide hormone responsible for the metabolism of carbohydrates.

When should bolus insulin be administered in relation to meals?

Bolus insulin should be taken 15-30 minutes before a meal and the meal should be consumed within 30 minutes to avoid hypoglycemia.

What is the significance of checking blood glucose levels before driving for patients on insulin?

Patients on insulin should check their blood glucose no more than 2 hours before driving and every 2 hours for long journeys to prevent hypoglycemia.

What types of insulin regimens are used in diabetes management?

1) Multiple injection regimen (MIR), 2) Biphasic regimen, 3) Long/intermediate-acting regimen, 4) Continuous SC infusion.

What are some conditions that can increase insulin requirements?

Infections, intercurrent illness, puberty, pregnancy (2nd/3rd trimester), and stress.

What does a blood glucose level of 4 mmol/L mean for driving ability?

A blood glucose level of 4 mmol/L indicates the driver should not drive.

What type of insulin should not be given IV and why?

Protamine Zinc insulin should not be given IV because it can lead to thrombosis.

What is the initial insulin therapy recommendation for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)?

Start with isophane insulin 1-2 times daily plus short-acting insulin as either a biphasic or multiple-injection regimen.

How often should long-acting insulin be administered for proper management?

Long-acting insulin should be taken at the same time each day to cover a 24-hour period.